密码学系列之C/Python编程实现AES算法

AES

任务描述

编程实AES的加密和解密算法，对明文“0x3243f6a8885a308d313198a2e0370734”进行加密，采用密钥“0x2b7e151628aed2a6abf7158809cf4f3c”， 输出每一轮的加密结果和轮密钥，并对密文进行解密，输出解密后的结果。
AES通常细分为AES-128、AES-192、AES-256。这里编程的目的主要是为了实现AES-128。

关于AES算法，我就不详细介绍了。因为本人懒，写博客相当花费时间。而且，国外的网站已经有比较好的博客介绍该算法[1]，国内知乎也有比较优质且详细的博客介绍该算法。
C

[code]#include // 定义S盒const unsigned char SBox[16][16] = {    {0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76},    {0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0},    {0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15},    {0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75},    {0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84},    {0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf},    {0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8},    {0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2},    {0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73},    {0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb},    {0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79},    {0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08},    {0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a},    {0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e},    {0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf},    {0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16}};// 定义轮常量Rconconst unsigned int Rcon[10] = {    0x01000000, 0x02000000, 0x04000000, 0x08000000, 0x10000000,    0x20000000, 0x40000000, 0x80000000, 0x1b000000, 0x36000000};// 字替代操作unsigned int SubWord(unsigned int X) {    unsigned char a3 =  X & 0x000000ff;    unsigned char a2 = (X & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;    unsigned char a1 = (X & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;    unsigned char a0 = (X & 0xff000000) >> 24;        unsigned char b3 = SBox[(a3 & 0xf0) >> 4][a3 & 0x0f];    unsigned char b2 = SBox[(a2 & 0xf0) >> 4][a2 & 0x0f];    unsigned char b1 = SBox[(a1 & 0xf0) >> 4][a1 & 0x0f];    unsigned char b0 = SBox[(a0 & 0xf0) >> 4][a0 & 0x0f];        return ((b0  (sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 - 8) | (A > 8) |                       ((state[2] & 0xff000000) >> 16) |                       ((state[3] & 0xff000000) >> 24);    unsigned int b1 = ((state[0] & 0x00ff0000) > 8) |                       ((state[3] & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);    unsigned int b2 = ((state[0] & 0x0000ff00)  8);    unsigned int b3 = ((state[0] & 0x000000ff) > 16) |                ((b3 & 0xff000000) >> 24);    state[1] = ((b0 & 0x00ff0000) > 8) |                ((b3 & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);    state[2] = ((b0 & 0x0000ff00)  8);    state[3] = ((b0 & 0x000000ff) > 8;        unsigned char a3 = (state & 0x000000ff);                unsigned char b0 = GFMul2(a0) ^ GFMul3(a1) ^ a2 ^ a3;        unsigned char b1 = a0 ^ GFMul2(a1) ^ GFMul3(a2) ^ a3;        unsigned char b2 = a0 ^ a1 ^ GFMul2(a2) ^ GFMul3(a3);        unsigned char b3 = GFMul3(a0) ^ a1 ^ a2 ^ GFMul2(a3);                state = (b0 > 24    b3 = SBox[(a3 & 0xf0) >> 4][a3 & 0x0f]    b2 = SBox[(a2 & 0xf0) >> 4][a2 & 0x0f]    b1 = SBox[(a1 & 0xf0) >> 4][a1 & 0x0f]    b0 = SBox[(a0 & 0xf0) >> 4][a0 & 0x0f]    return ((b0  24) | (A > 8) | ((state[2] & 0xff000000) >> 16) | ((state[3] & 0xff000000) >> 24)    b1 = ((state[0] & 0x00ff0000) > 8) | ((state[3] & 0x00ff0000) >> 16)    b2 = ((state[0] & 0x0000ff00)  8)    b3 = ((state[0] & 0x000000ff) > 16) | ((b3 & 0xff000000) >> 24)    state[1] = ((b0 & 0x00ff0000) > 8) | ((b3 & 0x00ff0000) >> 16)    state[2] = ((b0 & 0x0000ff00)  8)    state[3] = ((b0 & 0x000000ff) > 8        a3 = (state & 0x000000ff)        b0 = GFMul2(a0) ^ GFMul3(a1) ^ a2 ^ a3        b1 = a0 ^ GFMul2(a1) ^ GFMul3(a2) ^ a3        b2 = a0 ^ a1 ^ GFMul2(a2) ^ GFMul3(a3)        b3 = GFMul3(a0) ^ a1 ^ a2 ^ GFMul2(a3)        state = (b0 > 16) & 0xFF    a2 = (x >> 8) & 0xFF    a3 = x & 0xFF    # S盒替换    b0 = SBOX[a0 >> 4][a0 & 0x0F]    b1 = SBOX[a1 >> 4][a1 & 0x0F]    b2 = SBOX[a2 >> 4][a2 & 0x0F]    b3 = SBOX[a3 >> 4][a3 & 0x0F]    # 组合回32位    return (b0  int:    """行移位：对32位字内的字节进行循环移位（字节级）"""    # row=0: 不移位, row=1: 左移1字节, row=2: 左移2字节, row=3: 左移3字节    shift = row * 8    return ((x > (32 - shift))) & 0xFFFFFFFF# ==================== 核心操作 ====================def add_round_key(state, w, round_num):    """轮密钥加"""    for i in range(4):        state ^= w[4 * round_num + i]def sub_bytes(state):    """字节替换"""    for i in range(4):        state = sub_word(state)def shift_rows(state):    """行移位（列主序存储）"""    # 从列主序中提取每一行的四个字节    # 第0行: 各列的最高字节 (state[0]>>24, state[1]>>24, state[2]>>24, state[3]>>24)    # 第1行: 各列的第二字节 (state[0]>>16 & 0xFF, ...)    # 第2行: 各列的第三字节    # 第3行: 各列的最低字节    rows = [        [(state >> 24) & 0xFF for i in range(4)],        [(state >> 16) & 0xFF for i in range(4)],        [(state >> 8) & 0xFF for i in range(4)],        [state & 0xFF for i in range(4)]    ]    # 对每一行进行循环左移（行号即偏移量）    for r in range(4):        rows[r] = rows[r][r:] + rows[r][:r]    # 重新组装为列主序    for i in range(4):        state = (rows[0] > 16) & 0xFF        a2 = (state >> 8) & 0xFF        a3 = state & 0xFF        # 混淆矩阵乘法        b0 = gf_mul2(a0) ^ gf_mul3(a1) ^ a2 ^ a3        b1 = a0 ^ gf_mul2(a1) ^ gf_mul3(a2) ^ a3        b2 = a0 ^ a1 ^ gf_mul2(a2) ^ gf_mul3(a3)        b3 = gf_mul3(a0) ^ a1 ^ a2 ^ gf_mul2(a3)        # 写回        state = (b0