龙芯2k0300 - 久久派开发环境搭建及内核升级（下）

在《龙芯2k0300 - 久久派开发环境搭建及内核升级（上）》我们对久久派开发板以及uboot、内核、文件系统的编译进行了介绍，本节主要介绍固件的升级，以及驱动移植。
一、更新固件

久久派开发板默认配套的是PMON固件以及linux 4.19的内核，这里我们打算将其替换换为uboot以及linux 6.12版本。
1.1 准备工作

1.1.1 串口连接

供电：久久派开发板集成了一个Type-C接口，用于给板子供电，板子上丝印标注DC-5V。
串口：龙邱久久派扩展板上也有一个Type-C接口，其连接久久派UART0，电脑通过Type-C数据线可直接控制久久派，使用更方便。
注意：实际上如果通过串口连接，供电接口可以不用了，因为久久派和龙邱久久派扩展板5V是连通的，所以任意一个Type-C接口提供5V电源都可以。
我们将扩展板上的串口连接到电脑，然后打开电脑的MobaXterm，选择串口端口（我这里是COM4），设置波特率115200。

1.1.2 测试

当我们按照前面的步骤接好线，给久久派复位上电，刚买的板子默认会输出如下信息：
点击查看详情

1. PMON2000 LOONGARCH Initializing. Standby...lock scache 90000000 - 90040000Lock Scache Done.copy text section to lock cache done.run in cache.mem init done!Copy Bios to memory OK, Uncompressing Bios..........OK, Booting Biosunlock scache windows firstflush scache to unlock scacheunlock_base 0x9000000090000000raw_memsz: 0x1memorysize_high: 0x10000000FREQRTC init donecpu freq 1000000000, cnt 50000021cpu freq 1000000000DONEset ebase doneDEVIENVIMAPVin envinitnvram=1c000000NVRAM is invalid!NVRAM@1c000000STDV80100000:  memory between f800000-f800000  is already been allocated,heap is already above this pointSBDDIcache 0x8000Dcache 0x8000L2 cache 0x100000L3 cache 0x1NETIRTCLin configuremainbus0 (root)localbus0 at mainbus0emmc0 at localbus0syn0 at localbus0 phy device ID is: adb4,  phy vendor ID is: 412==== Warning: unrecognized gmac phy!in if attachsyn1 at localbus0 phy device ID is: 0,  phy vendor ID is: 0==== Warning: unrecognized gmac phy!in if attachohci0 at localbus0OHCI revision: 0x00000010  RH: a: 0x02000901 b: 0x00000000early period(0x0)OHCI b01f800 initialized okdrive at ohci0 devnum 1, Product OHCI Root Hub not configuredlotg0 at localbus0Halt all channels to put them into a known stateUSB DWC2drive at lotg0 devnum 2, Product U-Boot Root Hub not configuredloopdev0 at mainbus0out configurebegin dc_initenter dc_init...frame buffer addr: 7000000pll found pstdiv[0x26], loopc[0x3e], frefc[0x4]pll out[0x261f0408]display controller reg config complete!fbaddress = 9000000007000000cfb_console init,fb=9000000007000000CONSOLE_SIZE 1228800devconfig done.ifinit done.domaininit done.init_proc....HSTISYMISBDE|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||  |||||||||       |||||       ||||   |||||  |||||      |||||       |||||       ||||   |||||  ||||  ||||||||   ||||  |||   ||||  |||    ||||  ||||  ||||  |||   ||||  |||   ||||  |||    ||||  ||||  ||||||||  |||||| |||  |||||| |||  |  |||  |||  ||||||||||||   |||||||  |||||| |||  |  |||  ||||  ||||||||  |||||| |||  |||||| |||  ||  ||  |||  |||    |||||||    ||||  |||||| |||  ||  ||  ||||  ||||||||  |||||| |||  |||||| |||  |||  |  |||  |||||  ||||||||||  |||  |||||| |||  |||  |  ||||  ||||||||   ||||  |||   ||||  |||  ||||    |||   ||||  |||   |||  ||||   ||||  |||  ||||    ||||       ||||       |||||       ||||  |||||   ||||       |||||      ||||||       ||||  |||||   |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||[2020 LOONGSON]|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Configuration [loongson,EL,NET,IDE]Version: PMON 5.0.3-Release (ls2k300) #2: Mon Jun  3 16:45:51 CST 2024 commit bc99ebfd9b4292970989b3a74070ad9897321272 Author: niupengju  Date:   Fri May 31 14:08:48 2024 +0800 .Supported loaders [txt, srec, elf, bin]Supported filesystems [tfcard, emmc, mtd, net, ext4, fat, fs, disk, iso9660, socket, tty, ram]This software may be redistributed under the BSD copyright.Copyright 2000-2002, Opsycon AB, Sweden.Copyright 2005, ICT CAS.CPU 3A5000 @ 1000.00 MHzMemory size 512 MB .L1 Instruction cache size 32KB (128 Line, 4 Way)L1 Data cache size 32KB (128 Line, 4 Way)L2 cache size 1024KBL3 cache size 0KB                                                                                                                                                         |BEV1BEV in SR set to zero.dtb chsum err! you should load_dtb before boot kernel!!! ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒Ŀ▒                 Boot Menu List                 ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒Ĵ▒ -> 1 'LoongOS (2k300)'                         ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒ Please Select Boot Menu [1]                    ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒Use the UP and DOWN keys to select the entry.Press ENTER to boot selected OS.Press 'c' to command-line.                                                 Booting system in [0] second(s)Now booting the 'LoongOS (2k300)'                                                                                                                                         /Loading file: (emmc0,0)/boot/vmlinuz (elf)                                                                                                                                -(elf)0x9000000001410000/5966336 + 0x19c0a00/4202528(z) +Entry address is 9000000001410000Boot with parameters: console=tty console=ttyS0,115200 rdinit=/sbin/init rootdelay=5 root=/dev/mmcblk0p1dtb chsum err!!![    0.000000] Linux version 4.19.190+ (loongson@loongson) (gcc version 8.3.0 (LoongArch GNU toolchain rc1.2 (20230615))) #3 SMP Mon Jun 3 10:20:57 CST 2024[    0.000000] 64-bit Loongson Processor probed (LA264 Core)[    0.000000] CPU0 revision is: 0014a030 (Loongson-64bit)[    0.000000] FPU0 revision is: 00000001[    0.000000] efi:[    0.000000] DMI not present or invalid.[    0.000000] The BIOS Version: (null)[    0.000000] UEFI runtime services will not be available![    0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x014a0000-0x054a0000] (64MB)[    0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x011c0000-0x011c3fff][    0.000000] Detected 1 available CPU(s)[    0.000000] Zone ranges:[    0.000000]   DMA32    [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x00000000ffffffff][    0.000000]   Normal   empty[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000000effffff][    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000090000000-0x000000009fffffff][    0.000000] Zeroed struct page in unavailable ranges: 1152 pages[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000009fffffff][    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 7 pages/cpu s62808 r8192 d43688 u114688[    0.000000] CPU0 __my_cpu_offset: 4118000[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 31507[    0.000000] Kernel command line: earlycon console=tty console=ttyS0,115200 rdinit=/sbin/init rootdelay=5 root=/dev/mmcblk0p1[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 5, 524288 bytes)[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 4, 262144 bytes)[    0.000000] Memory: 386992K/505856K available (11820K kernel code, 1386K rwdata, 4288K rodata, 992K init, 570K bss, 118864K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1[    0.000000] ftrace: allocating 39093 entries in 39 pages[    0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=2 to nr_cpu_ids=1.[    0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 4160, nr_irqs: 4160, preallocated irqs: 16[    0.000000] timer_probe: no matching timers found[    0.000000] Constant clock event device register[    0.000000] clocksource: Constant: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x3759f22983, max_idle_ns: 881590413697 ns[    0.000005] sched_clock: 64 bits at 120MHz, resolution 8ns, wraps every 4398046511102ns[    0.000009] Constant clock source device register[    0.000140] Console: colour dummy device 80x25[    0.000565] console [tty0] enabled[    0.000638] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 240.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=480000)[    0.000679] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301[    0.000793] Security Framework initialized[    0.000878] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 16384 bytes)[    0.000926] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 16384 bytes)[    0.002398] Performance counters: loongarch/loongson64 PMU enabled, 4 64-bit counters available to each CPU.[    0.002564] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.[    0.003065] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...[    0.003089] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU[    0.003748] devtmpfs: initialized[    0.007927] random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc.isra.9+0x94/0x1e0 with crng_init=0[    0.008865] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns[    0.008919] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 16384 bytes)[    0.009169] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem[    0.010176] NET: Registered protocol family 16[    0.010933] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)[    0.011871] cpuidle: using governor menu[    0.013252] audit: type=2000 audit(1577836800.008:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1[    0.021173] loongson pinctrl 16000490.pinctrl: 7 gpio chip add success, pins 112[    0.022501] loongson pinctrl 16000490.pinctrl: loongson pinctrl probe success[    0.083205] HugeTLB registered 32.0 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages[    0.084590] ACPI: Interpreter disabled.[    0.086341] vgaarb: loaded[    0.086922] SCSI subsystem initialized[    0.087944] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs[    0.089380] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub[    0.089496] usbcore: registered new device driver usb[    0.090500] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered[    0.090531] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti [    0.090648] PTP clock support registered[    0.094111] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.[    0.095048] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.22[    0.095128] NET: Registered protocol family 31[    0.095148] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized[    0.095248] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized[    0.095273] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized[    0.095319] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized[    0.095942] clocksource: Switched to clocksource Constant[    0.180045] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled[    0.199393] NET: Registered protocol family 2[    0.200323] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 16384 bytes)[    0.200380] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 1, 32768 bytes)[    0.200430] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 65536 bytes)[    0.200520] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)[    0.200628] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 16384 bytes)[    0.200664] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 16384 bytes)[    0.200921] NET: Registered protocol family 1[    0.201931] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.[    0.201961] RPC: Registered udp transport module.[    0.201981] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.[    0.202000] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.[    0.205739] Initialise system trusted keyrings[    0.206638] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=15 bucket_order=0[    0.225701] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type[    0.225776] Key type id_resolver registered[    0.225797] Key type id_legacy registered[    0.225826] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...[    0.225862] nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...[    0.225895] Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).[    0.227316] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.[    0.227864] SGI XFS with security attributes, no debug enabled[    1.023911] random: fast init done[    1.587976] Key type asymmetric registered[    1.588027] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered[    1.588153] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 250)[    1.588190] io scheduler noop registered[    1.588385] io scheduler cfq registered (default)[    1.588407] io scheduler mq-deadline registered[    1.588427] io scheduler kyber registered[    1.597067] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 16 ports, IRQ sharing disabled[    1.605376] console [ttyS0] disabled[    1.605476] 16100000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x16100000 (irq = 16, base_baud = 6250000) is a Loongson 2k1500 16550[    2.248935] console [ttyS0] enabled[    2.253507] 16100400.serial: ttyS1 at MMIO 0x16100400 (irq = 17, base_baud = 6250000) is a Loongson 2k1500 16550[    2.264877] 16100800.serial: ttyS2 at MMIO 0x16100800 (irq = 18, base_baud = 6250000) is a Loongson 2k1500 16550[    2.276161] loongarch_iommu_ivrs_init get ivrs table failed[    2.281806] Failed to init iommu by ivrs[    2.288605] [drm] loongson kernel modesetting driver enable[    2.295423] [drm] No OF Graph in dtb, fallback to legacy[    2.301021] [drm] found 1 display timings for connector-0[    2.306463] [drm] connector0 is DPI[    2.310029] [drm] Total 1 outputs[    2.313672] lsdc 16090000.dc: register irq(71) handler for ls7a2000[    2.319979] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).[    2.326616] [drm] No driver support for vblank timestamp query.[    2.333276] [drm] Initialized lsdc 1.1.1 20190831 for 16090000.dc on minor 0[    2.386398] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x37[    2.409123] lsdc 16090000.dc: fb0: DRM emulated frame buffer device[    2.431364] loop: module loaded[    2.436665] ls-nand driver initializing[    2.441621] ls-quadspi 16010000.spi0: unable to setup flash chip[    2.448042] ls-quadspi: probe of 16010000.spi0 failed with error -1[    2.456343] ls-spi-v1 1610c000.spi2: driver initialized[    2.462582] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed[    2.469950] CAN device driver interface[    2.477324] lbx----->ctucan_platform_probe,76[    2.485060] lscanfd 16110800.can: probe addr=ffffff81020d8800,irq=19 can_clk=100000000 ntxbufs=8 res->start=16110800[    2.498762] lscanfd 16110800.can: lbx----device id :babe[    2.508637] lbx----->ctucan_platform_probe,76[    2.516493] lscanfd 16110c00.can: probe addr=ffffff81020e0c00,irq=20 can_clk=100000000 ntxbufs=8 res->start=16110c00[    2.530183] lscanfd 16110c00.can: lbx----device id :babe[    2.540629] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: no reset control found[    2.550509] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: User ID: 0x11, Synopsys ID: 0x37[    2.560321] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet:     DWMAC1000[    2.568095] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: DMA HW capability register supported[    2.578018] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: RX Checksum Offload Engine supported[    2.587886] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: COE Type 2[    2.595443] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: TX Checksum insertion supported[    2.604824] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Wake-Up On Lan supported[    2.613843] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Enhanced/Alternate descriptors[    2.623214] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Enabled extended descriptors[    2.632318] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Ring mode enabled[    2.640384] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Enable RX Mitigation via HW Watchdog Timer[    2.658621] libphy: stmmac: probed[    2.664724] mdio_bus stmmac-0:01: attached PHY driver [unbound] (mii_bus:phy_addr=stmmac-0:01, irq=POLL)[    2.679279] dwc2 16040000.otg: 16040000.otg supply vusb_d not found, using dummy regulator[    2.691323] dwc2 16040000.otg: Linked as a consumer to regulator.0[    2.700492] dwc2 16040000.otg: 16040000.otg supply vusb_a not found, using dummy regulator[    2.712124] dwc2 16040000.otg: Configuration mismatch. dr_mode forced to host[    2.772143] dwc2 16040000.otg: dwc2_check_params: Invalid parameter lpm=1[    2.781683] dwc2 16040000.otg: dwc2_check_params: Invalid parameter lpm_clock_gating=1[    2.792310] dwc2 16040000.otg: dwc2_check_params: Invalid parameter besl=1[    2.801859] dwc2 16040000.otg: dwc2_check_params: Invalid parameter hird_threshold_en=1[    2.813286] dwc2 16040000.otg: DWC OTG Controller[    2.821063] dwc2 16040000.otg: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1[    2.831117] dwc2 16040000.otg: irq 48, io mem 0x16040000[    2.840707] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found[    2.847729] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected[    2.855743] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver[    2.864939] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver[    2.872940] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver[    2.881717] ehci-platform 16080000.ehci: EHCI Host Controller[    2.890209] ehci-platform 16080000.ehci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2[    2.901114] ehci-platform 16080000.ehci: irq 46, io mem 0x16080000[    2.923957] ehci-platform 16080000.ehci: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00[    2.934152] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found[    2.940850] hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected[    2.948650] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver[    2.958327] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver[    2.966705] ohci-platform 16088000.ohci: Generic Platform OHCI controller[    2.976246] ohci-platform 16088000.ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3[    2.987345] ohci-platform 16088000.ohci: irq 47, io mem 0x16088000[    3.061163] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found[    3.068125] hub 3-0:1.0: 1 port detected[    3.076704] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage[    3.086621] udc-core: couldn't find an available UDC - added [g_ether] to list of pending drivers[    3.099208] i8042: PNP: No PS/2 controller found.[    3.106448] i8042: Probing ports directly.[    3.113843] i8042: No controller found[    3.121443] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice[    3.130511] Gt9xx driver installing..[    3.139496] ls2x-rtc 16128000.rtc: rtc core: registered 16128000.rtc as rtc0[    3.150505] i2c /dev entries driver[    3.158742] goodix-ts 0-0014: GTP Driver Version: V2.8.0.2[    3.168047] goodix-ts 0-0014: GTP I2C Address: 0x14[    3.176585] goodix-ts 0-0014: Unset touchscreen-max-id, use default[    3.185536] goodix-ts 0-0014: Unset touchscreen-size-x, use default[    3.194372] goodix-ts 0-0014: Unset touchscreen-size-y, use default[    3.203169] goodix-ts 0-0014: Unset touchscreen-max-w, use default[    3.211876] goodix-ts 0-0014: Unset touchscreen-max-p, use default[    3.220507] goodix-ts 0-0014: touch input parameters is [id x y w p][    3.231337] goodix-ts 0-0014: int-sync enabled[    3.238255] goodix-ts 0-0014: auto-update enabled[    3.245686] goodix-ts 0-0014: 0-0014 supply vdd_ana not found, using dummy regulator[    3.256422] goodix-ts 0-0014: Linked as a consumer to regulator.0[    3.265180] goodix-ts 0-0014: 0-0014 supply vcc_i2c not found, using dummy regulator[    3.275816] goodix-ts 0-0014: No pinctrl found[    3.282903] goodix-ts 0-0014: Success request irq-gpio[    3.290569] goodix-ts 0-0014: Success request rst-gpio[    3.298145] goodix-ts 0-0014: Guitar reset[    3.403121] goodix-ts 0-0014: I2c read failed,dev:14,reg:8047,size:1[    3.411885] goodix-ts 0-0014: GTP i2c test failed time 1[    3.441819] goodix-ts 0-0014: I2c read failed,dev:14,reg:8047,size:1[    3.450617] goodix-ts 0-0014: GTP i2c test failed time 2[    3.480469] goodix-ts 0-0014: I2c read failed,dev:14,reg:8047,size:1[    3.489206] goodix-ts 0-0014: GTP i2c test failed time 3[    3.507858] goodix-ts 0-0014: Failed communicate with IC use I2C[    3.516328] goodix-ts 0-0014: Regulator vcc_i2c disabled[    3.523864] goodix-ts 0-0014: Regulator vdd_ana disabled[    3.531735] goodix-ts: probe of 0-0014 failed with error -11[    3.539761] ls-i2c 16108000.i2c: driver initialized[    3.548514] ls-i2c 16109000.i2c: driver initialized[    3.557986] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.39.0-ioctl (2018-04-03) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com[    3.568707] Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.3[    3.575373] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol H4 registered[    3.584655] ls2k_sdio 16140000.mmc0: Use exclusive dma engine.[    4.019986] err: get cd, can't find gpio chip[    4.027254] ls2k_sdio 16148000.sdio1: Use exclusive dma engine.[    5.040287] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid[    5.048193] usbhid: USB HID core driver[    5.058599] soc-audio soc-audio: ASoC: machine LOONGSON-I2S should use snd_soc_register_card()[    5.471466] err: get cd, can't find gpio chip[    6.894015] mmc1: new high speed SDIO card at address 390b[    7.118840] soc-audio soc-audio: ES8323.0-0010  loongson-i2s-dai mapping ok[    7.128796] soc-audio soc-audio: ASoC: DAPM unknown pin MicIn[    7.142923] soc-audio soc-audio: ES8323.0-0010  loongson-i2s-dai mapping ok[    7.152838] soc-audio soc-audio: ASoC: no DMI vendor name![    7.164209] Initializing XFRM netlink socket[    7.172879] NET: Registered protocol family 10[    7.181778] Segment Routing with IPv6[    7.188282] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver[    7.198303] NET: Registered protocol family 17[    7.205910] NET: Registered protocol family 15[    7.212868] can: controller area network core (rev 20170425 abi 9)[    7.222019] NET: Registered protocol family 29[    7.229246] can: raw protocol (rev 20170425)[    7.236319] can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20170425 t)[    7.444828] can: netlink gateway (rev 20170425) max_hops=1[    7.453855] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized[    7.461768] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized[    7.469748] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11[    7.476214] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3[    7.484203] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast[    7.492178] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized[    7.499714] Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2[    7.508246] Bluetooth: HIDP socket layer initialized[    7.516477] Key type dns_resolver registered[    7.524913] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates[    7.736624] mmc0: new HS200 MMC card at address 0001[    7.745566] ls2x-rtc 16128000.rtc: setting system clock to 2000-01-01 00:08:44 UTC (946685324)[    7.757751] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 08A391 7.28 GiB[    7.765957] mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 08A391 partition 1 4.00 MiB[    7.774610] cfg80211: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database[    7.785771] mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 08A391 partition 2 4.00 MiB[    7.800895]  mmcblk0: p1[    7.957281] cfg80211: Loaded X.509 cert 'sforshee: 00b28ddf47aef9cea7'[    7.966724] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2[    7.977958] cfg80211: failed to load regulatory.db[    7.985464] ALSA device list:[    7.991099]   #0: LOONGSON-I2S[    7.997402] Waiting 5 sec before mounting root device...[   13.037973] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem[   13.047905] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): write access will be enabled during recovery[   13.065451] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): recovery complete[   13.073784] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)[   13.084868] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) readonly on device 179:1.[   13.100161] devtmpfs: mounted[   13.132257] Freeing unused kernel memory: 992K[   13.139399] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.[   13.148602] Run /sbin/init as init process[   13.292965] systemd[1]: System time before build time, advancing clock.[   13.317252] systemd[1]: systemd 247 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT -SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR -SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP -LIBCRYPTSETUP -GCRYPT -GNUTLS -ACL +XZ -LZ4 -ZSTD -SECCOMP +BLKID -ELFUTILS +KMOD -IDN2 -IDN -PCRE2 default-hierarchy=hybrid)[   13.345912] systemd[1]: Detected architecture loongarch64.Welcome to LoongOS v0.1 (master)![   13.372645] systemd[1]: Set hostname to .[   13.541539] systemd-sysv-generator[988]: SysV service '/etc/init.d/psplash.sh' lacks a native systemd unit file. Automatically generating a unit file for compatibility. Please update package to include a native systemd unit file, in order to make it more safe and robust.[   13.580208] systemd-sysv-generator[988]: SysV service '/etc/init.d/dropbear' lacks a native systemd unit file. Automatically generating a unit file for compatibility. Please update package to include a native systemd unit file, in order to make it more safe and robust.[   13.892968] systemd[1]: Queued start job for default target Multi-User System.[   13.906062] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)[   13.917950] systemd[1]: Created slice system-getty.slice.[  OK  ] Created slice system-getty.slice.[   13.944213] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)[   13.955768] systemd[1]: Created slice system-modprobe.slice.[  OK  ] Created slice system-modprobe.slice.[   13.980261] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)[   13.991815] systemd[1]: Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.[  OK  ] Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.[   14.020920] systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice.[  OK  ] Created slice User and Session Slice.[   14.048791] systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch.[  OK  ] Started Dispatch Password …ts to Console Directory Watch.[   14.080667] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.[  OK  ] Started Forward Password R…uests to Wall Directory Watch.[   14.108637] systemd[1]: Reached target Host and Network Name Lookups.[  OK  ] Reached target Host and Network Name Lookups.[   14.136351] systemd[1]: Reached target Paths.[  OK  ] Reached target Paths.[   14.160413] systemd[1]: Reached target Remote File Systems.[  OK  ] Reached target Remote File Systems.[   14.184385] systemd[1]: Reached target Slices.[  OK  ] Reached target Slices.[   14.208408] systemd[1]: Reached target Swap.[  OK  ] Reached target Swap.[   14.233489] systemd[1]: Listening on RPCbind Server Activation Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on RPCbind Server Activation Socket.[   14.260387] systemd[1]: Reached target RPC Port Mapper.[  OK  ] Reached target RPC Port Mapper.[   14.289869] systemd[1]: Listening on Syslog Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on Syslog Socket.[   14.312817] systemd[1]: Listening on initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.[  OK  ] Listening on initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.[   14.341348] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Audit Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Audit Socket.[   14.369027] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).[   14.397149] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket.[   14.421315] systemd[1]: Listening on Network Service Netlink Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on Network Service Netlink Socket.[   14.449268] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on udev Control Socket.[   14.472931] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on udev Kernel Socket.[   14.497154] systemd[1]: Listening on User Database Manager Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on User Database Manager Socket.[   14.527169] systemd[1]: Mounting Huge Pages File System...         Mounting Huge Pages File System...[   14.551484] systemd[1]: Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...         Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...[   14.586795] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Debug File System...         Mounting Kernel Debug File System...[   14.618755] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Trace File System...         Mounting Kernel Trace File System...[   14.654547] systemd[1]: Mounting Temporary Directory (/tmp)...         Mounting Temporary Directory (/tmp)...[   14.685309] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Create list of static device nodes for the current kernel being skipped.[   14.703004] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module configfs...         Starting Load Kernel Module configfs...[   14.731230] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module drm...         Starting Load Kernel Module drm...[   14.763024] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module fuse...         Starting Load Kernel Module fuse...[   14.795085] systemd[1]: Starting Start psplash boot splash screen...         Starting Start psplash boot splash screen...[   14.827060] systemd[1]: Starting RPC Bind...         Starting RPC Bind...[   14.863652] systemd[1]: Starting File System Check on Root Device...         Starting File System Check on Root Device...[   14.908759] systemd[1]: systemd-journald.service: unit configures an IP firewall, but the local system does not support BPF/cgroup firewalling.[   14.941918] systemd[1]: (This warning is only shown for the first unit using IP firewalling.)[   14.956480] systemd[1]: Starting Journal Service...         Starting Journal Service...[   14.981195] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Load Kernel Modules being skipped.[   15.013528] systemd[1]: Mounting NFSD configuration filesystem...         Mounting NFSD configuration filesystem...[   15.058979] systemd[1]: Starting Apply Kernel Variables...         Starting Apply Kernel Variables...[   15.099211] systemd[1]: Starting Coldplug All udev Devices...         Starting Coldplug All udev Devices...[   15.161368] systemd[1]: Started Start psplash boot splash screen.[  OK  ] Started Start psplash boot splash screen.[   15.197743] systemd[1]: Started RPC Bind.[   15.201950] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581519.900:2): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=psplash-start comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[  OK  ] Started RPC Bind.[   15.245072] systemd[1]: Mounted Huge Pages File System.[  OK  ] Mounted Huge Pages F[   15.260185] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581519.948:3): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=rpcbind comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'ile System.[   15.293308] systemd[1]: Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System.[  OK  ] Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System.[   15.333293] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Debug File System.[  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Debug File System.[   15.369254] systemd[1]: Mounted Kernel Trace File System.[  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Trace File System.[   15.397011] systemd[1]: Mounted Temporary Directory (/tmp).[  OK  ] Mounted Temporary Directory (/tmp).[   15.425619] systemd[1]: modprobe@configfs.service: Succeeded.[   15.441010] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module configfs.[  OK  ] Finished Load Kernel Module configfs.[   15.469800] systemd[1]: modprobe@drm.service: Succeeded.[   15.475363] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581520.172:4): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=modprobe@configfs comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[   15.501106] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module drm.[  OK     15.513497] audit: type=1131 audit(1616581520.172:5): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=modprobe@configfs comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'm] Finished Load Kernel Module drm.[   15.549097] systemd[1]: Started Journal Service.[   15.553842] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581520.252:6): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=modprobe@drm comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[  OK     15.573232] audit: type=1131 audit(1616581520.252:7): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=modprobe@drm comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'm] Started Journal Service.[   15.608314] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581520.308:8): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-journald comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[  OK  ] Finished Load Kernel Module fuse.[  OK     15.646580] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581520.348:9): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=modprobe@fuse comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'm] Finished    15.666977] audit: type=1131 audit(1616581520.348:10): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=modprobe@fuse comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'1;39mFile System Check on Root Device.[  OK     15.701912] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581520.404:11): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-fsck-root comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'm] Mounted NFSD configuration filesystem.[  OK  ] Finished Apply Kernel Variables.         Mounting Kernel Configuration File System...[  OK  ] Started Start psplash-syst…progress communication helper.         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...[  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Configuration File System.[   15.895183] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): re-mounted. Opts: (null)[  OK  ] Finished Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.         Starting Flush Journal to Persistent Storage...         Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...[   15.996449] systemd-journald[1005]: Received client request to flush runtime journal.[  OK  ] Finished Flush Journal to Persistent Storage.[  OK  ] Finished Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.[  OK  ] Reached target Local File Systems (Pre).         Mounting /var/volatile...         Starting Rule-based Manage…for Device Events and Files...[  OK  ] Mounted /var/volatile.         Starting Load/Save Random Seed...[  OK  ] Reached target Local File Systems.         Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories...[  OK  ] Finished Coldplug All udev Devices.[  OK  ] Started Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files.[  OK  ] Finished Create Volatile Files and Directories.         Starting Network Time Synchronization...         Starting Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown...[  OK  ] Finished Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown.[  OK  ] Started Network Time Synchronization.[  OK  ] Reached target Sound Card.[  OK  ] Reached target Syste[   18.059977] random: crng init donem Initialization[   18.064012] random: 7 urandom warning(s) missed due to ratelimiting.[  OK  ] Started Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories.[  OK  ] Reached target System Time Set.[  OK  ] Reached target System Time Synchronized.[  OK  ] Reached target Timers.[  OK  ] Listening on D-Bus System Message Bus Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on dropbear.socket.[  OK  ] Reached target Sockets.[  OK  ] Reached target Basic System.[  OK  ] Started Kernel Logging Service.[  OK  ] Started System Logging Service.[  OK  ] Started D-Bus System Message Bus.         Starting IPv6 Packet Filtering Framework...         Starting IPv4 Packet Filtering Framework...         Starting User Login Management...[  OK  ] Finished Load/Save Random Seed.[  OK  ] Finished IPv6 Packet Filtering Framework.[  OK  ] Finished IPv4 Packet Filtering Framework.[  OK  ] Reached target Network (Pre).         Starting Connection service...         Starting Network Service...[  OK  ] Started User Login Management.[  OK  ] Started Connection service.[  OK  ] Started Network Service.[  OK  ] Reached target Network.[  OK     18.966472] Generic PHY stmmac-0:01: attached PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=stmmac-0:01, irq=POLL)m] Started NFS status monitor for NFSv2/3 locking..[   19.008056] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: No Safety Features support found[  OK  ] Started Respond to IPv6 Node Information Queries.[   19.027351] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: IEEE 1588-2008 Advanced Timestamp supported         Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility...[   19.083113] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: registered PTP clock[  OK  ] Started Network Router Discovery Daemon.[   19.135040] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready         Starting Permit User Sessions...[   19.160159] aic8800_bsp: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.[   19.259503] aicbsp_init[   19.262081] RELEASE_DATE:2024_0327_3561b08f[   19.266390] aicbsp_resv_mem_init[  OK  ] Finished Permit User Sessions.         Starting Hostname Service...[  OK  ] Started Hostname Service.[   20.553690] kauditd_printk_skb: 24 callbacks suppressed[   20.553697] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581525.256:36): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-hostnamed comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[   20.586400] aicbsp: aicbsp_set_subsys, subsys: AIC_WIFI, state to: 1[   20.592859] aicbsp: aicbsp_set_subsys, power state change to 1 dure to AIC_WIFI[   20.600185] aicbsp: aicbsp_platform_power_on[   20.638246] aicbsp: aicbsp_sdio_probe:1 vid:0xC8A1  did:0x0082[   20.646567] aicbsp: aicbsp_sdio_probe:2 vid:0xC8A1  did:0x0182[   20.652482] aicbsp: aicbsp_sdio_probe after replace:1[   20.659740] AICWFDBG(LOGINFO)        aicwf_sdio_chipmatch USE AIC8800D80[   20.666019] aicbsp: aicbsp_get_feature, set FEATURE_SDIO_CLOCK 150 MHz[   20.672553] aicbsp: aicwf_sdio_reg_init[   20.683016] AICWFDBG(LOGINFO)        aicbsp: aicbsp_driver_fw_init, chip rev: 7[   20.689970] rwnx_load_firmware :firmware path = /vendor/etc/firmware/fw_patch_table_8800d80_u02.bin[   20.705272] file md5:0c9bf9c9c10f7a90a22a4c35fa58c967[   20.710540] rwnx_plat_bin_fw_upload_android[   20.715742] rwnx_load_firmware :firmware path = /vendor/etc/firmware/fw_adid_8800d80_u02.bin[   20.725399] file md5:f546881a81b960d89a672578eb45a809[   20.748037] rwnx_plat_bin_fw_upload_android[   20.752270] rwnx_load_firmware :firmware path = /vendor/etc/firmware/fw_patch_8800d80_u02.bin[   20.763114] file md5:35d137b8a76daaeb4f5034df8e15bcde[   21.172027] aicbt_patch_table_load bt btmode[3]:5[   21.176933] aicbt_patch_table_load bt uart_baud[3]:115200[   21.182527] aicbt_patch_table_load bt uart_flowctrl[3]:0[   21.188017] aicbt_patch_table_load bt lpm_enable[3]:0[   21.193245] aicbt_patch_table_load bt tx_pwr[3]:28463[   21.328024] aicbsp: bt patch version: - Mar 07 2024 14:29:05 - git f94a3e4[   21.335021] rwnx_plat_bin_fw_upload_android[   21.340339] rwnx_load_firmware :firmware path = /vendor/etc/firmware/fmacfw_8800d80_u02.bin[   21.363855] file md5:13e6f0e58aae342d260d8672ab61c31f[   22.700031] rd_version_val=06090101[   22.768262] aicbsp: aicbsp_get_feature, set FEATURE_SDIO_CLOCK 150 MHz[   22.774822] aicsdio: aicwf_sdio_reg_init[   22.786161] aicbsp: aicbsp_resv_mem_alloc_skb, alloc resv_mem_txdata succuss, id: 0, size: 98304[   22.795508] aicbsp: aicbsp_get_feature, set FEATURE_SDIO_CLOCK 150 MHz[   22.803507] AICWFDBG(LOGINFO)        aicwf_prealloc_txq_alloc size is diff will to be kzalloc[   22.811661] aicbsp: sdio_err:: bus down[*    [   22.819376] AICWFDBG(LOGINFO)  aicwf_prealloc_txq_alloc txq kzalloc successful ] A start job is running for /etc/rc.local Compatibility (8s / no limit)[   22.844574] AICWFDBG(LOGERROR)       invalid cmd: lvl_adj_5g_chan_42[   22.850455] AICWFDBG(LOGERROR)       invalid cmd: lvl_adj_5g_chan_58[   22.856327] AICWFDBG(LOGERROR)       invalid cmd: lvl_adj_5g_chan_106[   22.862264] AICWFDBG(LOGERROR)       invalid cmd: lvl_adj_5g_chan_122[   22.868199] AICWFDBG(LOGERROR)       invalid cmd: lvl_adj_5g_chan_138[**    ] A start job is running for /etc/rc.local Compatibility (9s / no limit)[   23.520044] ieee80211 phy0: HT supp 1, VHT supp 1, HE supp 1[   23.540873] ieee80211 phy0:[   23.540873] *******************************************************[   23.540873] ** CAUTION: USING PERMISSIVE CUSTOM REGULATORY RULES **         Stopping Connection service...         Starting Network Name Resolution...[  OK  ] Stopped Connection service.[   26.817156] audit: type=1131 audit(1616581531.520:37): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=connman comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[  OK  ] Started Network Name Resolution.[   26.997264] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581531.700:38): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-resolved comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[  OK  ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility.[   29.710560] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581534.412:39): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=rc-local comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[  OK  ] Started Getty on tty1.[   29.761766] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581534.460:40): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=getty@tty1 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[  OK  ] Started Serial Getty on ttyS0.[  OK     29.804362] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581534.504:41): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=serial-getty@ttyS0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'm] Reached target Login Prompts.[  OK  ] Reached target Multi-User System.         Starting Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes...[   29.898042] audit: type=1129 audit(1616581534.600:42): pid=1854 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='old-level=N new-level=3 comm="systemd-update-utmp" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-update-utmp" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[  OK  ] Finished Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes.[   29.957677] audit: type=1130 audit(1616581534.652:43): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-update-utmp-runlevel comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'[   29.992600] audit: type=1131 audit(1616581534.652:44): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-update-utmp-runlevel comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'.--.|  ||  |        .------. .------.  .------.  .------.|  |        |      | |      |  |      |  |      ||  ------.  |      | |      |  |      |  '------|'--------'  '------' '------'  '      '         |                                          ------'The LoongOS Distribution LoongOS ttyS0LoongOS v0.1 - KernelLoongOS login: [   50.606131] audit: type=1131 audit(1616581555.308:45): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-hostnamed comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'

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1.2 刷写uboot

uboot烧写参考资料：

• 龙芯2K300-99派更新u-boot固件：《https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1FTqPYLER2?vd_source=9e5530c6fa951aaadc66d0d7b35a6103》；
  
• 久久派新世界系统烧录：《https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12tsJeXEWK?vd_source=9e5530c6fa951aaadc66d0d7b35a6103 》。
  

1.2.1 搭建tftp服务器

由于我们要通过PMON中更新PMON固件，首先需要在我们的ubuntu虚拟机搭建一个tftp服务器，具体可以参考《嵌入式Linux开发环境搭建》，这里我在/opt 目录下创建一个子目录tftpboot;

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt$ sudo mkdir tftpbootzhengyang@ubuntu:/opt$ sudo chmod 0777 tftpboot

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并按照教程中进行搭建tftp服务器，我们需要将我们的固件u-boot-with-spl.bin放在这个目录下；

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt$ cp /opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/u-boot/u-boot-with-spl.bin ./tftpboot/

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1.1.2 进入PMON命令行

给久久派复位上电，疯狂按c进入进入PMON命令行模式；

1. ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒Ŀ▒                 Boot Menu List                 ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒Ĵ▒ -> 1 'LoongOS (2k300)'                         ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒                                                ▒▒ Please Select Boot Menu [1]                    ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒Use the UP and DOWN keys to select the entry.Press ENTER to boot selected OS.Press 'c' to command-line.                                                 Booting system in [3] second(s)PMON>

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直到出现 PMON> 提示符，首先给开发板配置一个与tftp服务器同网段的IP地址：

1. PMON> ifaddr syn0 172.23.34.188bootp=f00b740synopGMAC_linux_open calledVersion = 0x1137MacAddr = 0x0   0x55    0x7b    0xb5    0x7d    0xf7===phy HALFDUPLEX MODEDMA status reg = 0x0 before cleared!DMA status reg = 0x0 after cleared!register poll interrupt: gmac 0==arp_ifinit done===phy FULLDUPLEX MODELink is with 1000M Speed

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把IP设置为172.23.34.188 ，这样开发板 (172.23.34.188) 和ubuntu虚拟机 (172.23.34.187) 就在同一个网段上，可以开始传文件刷机了;

1. PMON> ping 172.23.34.187PING 172.23.34.187 (172.23.34.187): 56 data bytes64 bytes from 172.23.34.187: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=9.343 ms64 bytes from 172.23.34.187: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.292 ms64 bytes from 172.23.34.187: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.328 ms64 bytes from 172.23.34.187: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.724 ms--- 172.23.34.187 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 1.292/3.410/9.343 ms

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1.2.3 烧录

从tftp服务器下载指定的固件文件（u-boot-with-spl.bin），并直接将其烧录到当前开发板的引导闪存SPI Nor Flash的起始位置：

1. PMON> fload tftp://172.23.34.187/u-boot-with-spl.binLoading file: tftp://172.23.34.187/u-boot-with-spl.bin dl_offset 900000000f800000 addr 900000000f800000(bin)                                                                                                                                                                     |Loaded 940877 bytesProgramming flash 900000000f800000:e5b4d into 800000001c000000Erase end!                                                                                                                                                                -Programming end!PMON>

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此过程中，务必保持板卡通电，严禁断电。耐心等待加载及烧录完成，直至界面依次出现Erase end!、Programming end!，且PMON命令行再次出现，即表示PMON烧录完成。
给久久派复位上电，等待终端出现大大的LOONGSON和=>字样说明更新uboot固件成功；

1. LoongArch Initializing ...RAM(Cache AS RAM) Initializing ...Lock Scache Done.Copy spl code to locked scache...Jump to board_init_f... _     __   __  _  _  ___  ___  __  _  _    /   ___  __  \ |    |  | |  | |\ | | __ [__  |  | |\ |    |  | __ |  \ | |___ |__| |__| | \| |__] ___] |__| | \|    \  |__] |__/ /============ddr4 init and training done!========Trying to boot from BootSpaceU-boot start ...Jump to board_init_f...U-Boot 2022.04-g96038f5a (Mar 20 2026 - 16:36:39 +0800)CPU:   LA264Speed: Cpu @ 1000 MHz/ Mem @ 800 MHz/ Bus @ 200 MHzModel: loongson-2k300Board: LS2K300-99PI-WIFIDRAM:  512 MiB512 MiBJump to board_init_r....Core:  36 devices, 20 uclasses, devicetree: boardWDT:   Not starting watchdog_dSF: Detected xt25f08 with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 1 MiBuse the default bdinfobdinfo is defaultMMC:   emmc@0x16140000: 0 (eMMC)Loading Environment from SPIFlash... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environmentframe buffer addr: 0x900000000dc00000In:    serialOut:   serialErr:   serial vidconsoleNet:   eth0: ethernet@0x16020000************************** Notice **************************Press c to enter u-boot console, m to enter boot menu************************************************************Bus ehci@0x16080000: USB EHCI 1.00Bus ohci@0x16088000: USB OHCI 1.0Bus otg@0x16040000: dwc2_usb otg@0x16040000: Core Release: 2.93aUSB DWC2scanning bus ehci@0x16080000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundscanning bus ohci@0x16088000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundscanning bus otg@0x16040000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundinit ls_trigger_boot and set it default valueinit ls_trigger_u_kernel and set it default valueinit ls_trigger_u_rootfs and set it default valueinit ls_trigger_u_uboot and set it default valueinit ls_trigger_ab_sys_status and set it default valueinit ls_trigger_mac_sync and set it default valueSaving Environment to SPIFlash... Erasing SPI flash...Writing to SPI flash...doneOKAutoboot in 0 secondsSF: Detected xt25f08 with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 1 MiBdevice 0 offset 0xf0000, size 0xd000SF: 53248 bytes @ 0xf0000 Read: OKFailed to load '/boot/uImage'Wrong Image Format for bootm commandERROR: can't get kernel image!Bootcmd="setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mmcblk0p${syspart} mtdparts=${mtdparts} fbcon=rotate:${rotate} panel=${panel};sf probe;sf read ${fdt_addr} dtb;ext4load mmc 0:${syspart} ${loadaddr} /boot/uImage;bootm"Boot Kernel failed. Kernel not found or bad.=>

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1.3 uboot测试

uboot启动后无法正确引导内核的，此时会进入uboot命令行模式，支持许多命令，有兴趣可以查看《Rockchip RK3399 - TPL/SPL方式加载uboot》。
1.3.1 查看板子信息

查看板子信息：

1. => bdinfoboot_params = 0x900000000cc12210DRAM bank   = 0x0000000000000000-> start    = 0x9000000000000000-> size     = 0x0000000010000000DRAM bank   = 0x0000000000000001-> start    = 0x9000000090000000-> size     = 0x0000000010000000flashstart  = 0x0000000000000000flashsize   = 0x0000000000000000flashoffset = 0x0000000000000000baudrate    = 115200 bpsrelocaddr   = 0x900000000dc00000reloc off   = 0x0000000000000000Build       = 64-bitcurrent eth = ethernet@0x16020000ethaddr     = d6:ec:6f:2f:22:c4IP addr     = 192.168.1.20fdt_blob    = 0x900000000ecc7600new_fdt     = 0x900000000cbf9c10fdt_size    = 0x00000000000021c0Video       = dvo@0 activeFB base     = 0x900000000dc00000FB size     = 1024x600x32lmb_dump_all: memory.cnt  = 0x2 memory[0]      [0x9000000000000000-0x900000000fffffff], 0x10000000 bytes flags: 0 memory[1]      [0x9000000090000000-0x900000009fffffff], 0x10000000 bytes flags: 0 reserved.cnt  = 0x2 reserved[0]    [0x900000000cbf67c0-0x900000000ebfffff], 0x02009840 bytes flags: 0 reserved[1]    [0x900000000f000000-0x900000000fffffff], 0x01000000 bytes flags: 4devicetree  = board

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1.3.2  查看环境变量

查看环境变量：

1. => printenvbaudrate=115200bootargs=console=ttyS0,115200 rw noinitrd init=/sbin/init rootfstype=ext4 rootwaitbootcmd=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mmcblk0p${syspart} mtdparts=${mtdparts} fbcon=rotate:${rotate} panel=${panel};sf probe;sf read ${fdt_addr} dtb;ext4load mmc 0:${syspart} ${loadaddr} /boot/uImage;bootmbootdelay=0bootmenu_0=System boot select=updatemenu bootselect 1bootmenu_1=Update kernel=updatemenu kernel 1bootmenu_2=Update rootfs=updatemenu rootfs 1bootmenu_3=Update u-boot=updatemenu uboot 1bootmenu_4=Update dtb=updatemenu dtb 1bootmenu_5=Update ALL=updatemenu all 1bootmenu_6=System install or recover=updatemenu system 1bootmenu_7=Video resolution select=updatemenu resolution 1bootmenu_8=Video rotation select=updatemenu rotation 1bootmenu_delay=10eth1addr=2e:67:a7:f6:8a:89ethaddr=d6:ec:6f:2f:22:c4fdt_addr=0x900000000a000000fdt_size=0xE000fdtcontroladdr=900000000ecc7600ipaddr=192.168.1.20loadaddr=0x9000000003000000ls_trigger_ab_sys_status=0ls_trigger_boot=0ls_trigger_mac_sync=0ls_trigger_u_kernel=0ls_trigger_u_rootfs=0ls_trigger_u_uboot=0menucmd=bootmenumtdids=nor0=spi0.0mtdparts=spi0.0:924k(uboot),32k(uboot_env),4k(bdinfo),52k(dtb),4k(bdinfo_e),8k(ddr_context)nand_pagesize=2048netmask=255.255.255.0panel=defaultrd_size=0x2000000rd_start=0x9000000007000000rotate=0serverip=192.168.1.2splashimage=0x9000000003000000splashpos=m,mstderr=serial,vidconsole,vidconsole1stdin=serial,,usbkbdstdout=serial,vidconsole,vidconsole1syspart=1syspart_ch=0syspart_last=4ver=U-Boot 2022.04-g96038f5a (Mar 20 2026 - 16:36:39 +0800)Environment size: 1587/16380 bytes

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重点关注：

• bootargs：启动参数为console=ttyS0,115200 rw noinitrd init=/sbin/init rootfstype=ext4 rootwait；
  
• bootcmd：启动命令为setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/mmcblk0p${syspart} mtdparts=${mtdparts} fbcon=rotate:${rotate} panel=${panel};sf probe;sf read ${fdt_addr} dtb;ext4load mmc 0:${syspart} ${loadaddr} /boot/uImage;bootm，这个我们在前面已经介绍过；
  
• syspart：系统分为1；
  
• fdt_addr：设备树加载地址为0x900000000a000000；
  
• loadaddr：内核加载地址为0x9000000003000000；
  
• mtdparts：板载的SPI Nor Flash分区信息为spi0.0:924k(uboot),32k(uboot_env),4k(bdinfo),52k(dtb),4k(bdinfo_e),8k(ddr_context)。
  

1.3.3 mmc命令测试

在命令行输入mmc list命令用于来查看当前开发板一共有几个MMC设备：

1. => mmc listemmc@0x16140000: 0 (eMMC)

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因为久久派只有一个eMMC，并且大小为8G，编号是 mmc 0，编号是mmc 0。
需要查看eMMC信息，运行如下命令：

1. => mmc infoDevice: emmc@0x16140000Manufacturer ID: d6OEM: 3Name: 08A391                    → 芯片型号Bus Speed: 52000000             → 速率 52MHz Mode: MMC High Speed (52MHz)    → 高速模式Rd Block Len: 512MMC version 5.1High Capacity: YesCapacity: 7.3 GiBBus Width: 8-bit               → 8位数据线（速度快）Erase Group Size: 512 KiBHC WP Group Size: 4 MiBUser Capacity: 7.3 GiB WRRELBoot Capacity: 4 MiB ENHRPMB Capacity: 4 MiB ENHBoot area 0 is not write protectedBoot area 1 is not write protected

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可以使用命令mmc part来查看其分区，比如查看eMMC的分区情况，输入如下命令：

1. => mmc partPartition Map for MMC device 0  --   Partition Type: DOSPart    Start Sector    Num Sectors     UUID            Type  1     16              15269872        00000000-01     83

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只有1个分区，整个Linux系统都在mmcblk0p1。
1.3.4 sf

用于操作SPI Flash的命令集，支持探测、擦除、读写SPI NOR Flash芯片，是嵌入式开发中烧录固件、更新uboot、操作环境变量分区的核心工具；
子命令语法作用probesf probe初始化 SPI 控制器并探测 Flash 芯片。在使用任何其他 sf 命令前必须先执行，以检测 Flash 是否存在并获取其大小、型号等信息。readsf read   将 Flash 中指定偏移和长度的数据读入内存指定地址。writesf write   将内存中的数据写入 Flash 指定偏移（必须先擦除）。erasesf erase  擦除 Flash 指定区域（以扇区为单位）。擦除后区域变为 0xFF。updatesf update   比较内存和 Flash 内容，仅更新不同的部分（节省时间）。常用于升级固件。testsf test  对 Flash 区域进行读写测试，用于验证硬件是否正常。初始化SPI初始化SPI控制器并探测Flash芯片控制器并探测Flash芯片

1. => sf probeSF: Detected xt25f08 with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 1 MiB

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在进行读、写、擦除时，如果已配置mtdparts，可以直接用分区名代替偏移和长度，比如：

1. => sf read ${fdt_addr} dtb          # 从 dtb 分区读取设备树

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1.3.5 mtdparts

mtdparts 是用于管理MTD分区表的命令。它可以为为SPI Nor Flash、Nand Flash等MTD设备定义逻辑分区，之后就可以用分区名来替代具体的偏移地址和长度，让操作更直观、更安全。
命令说明mtdparts列出当前所有 MTD 设备及其分区mtdparts default恢复默认分区表（由 CONFIG_MTDPARTS_DEFAULT 定义）mtdparts add  动态添加或修改分区（例如 mtdparts add nor0 1m(data)）mtdparts del 删除该设备的所有分区定义参考文章：《linux驱动移植-Nand Flash ONFI标准和MTD子系统》。
列出当前所有MTD设备及其分区：

1. => mtdpartsdevice nor0 , # parts = 6 #: name                size            offset          mask_flags 0: uboot               0x000e7000      0x00000000      0 1: uboot_env           0x00008000      0x000e7000      0 2: bdinfo              0x00001000      0x000ef000      0 3: dtb                 0x0000d000      0x000f0000      0 4: bdinfo_e            0x00001000      0x000fd000      0 5: ddr_context         0x00002000      0x000fe000      0active partition: nor0,0 - (uboot) 0x000e7000 @ 0x00000000defaults:mtdids  : nor0=spi0.0mtdparts: spi0.0:924k(uboot),32k(uboot_env),4k(bdinfo),52k(dtb),4k(bdinfo_e),8k(ddr_context)

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可以查看到SPI Nor Flash的分区表；

• nor0：: 这是SPI Nor Flash芯片；
  
• spi0.0: 接在SPI 0总线上；
  
• # parts = 6: 这个Flash被分成了6个分区。
  

1.3.6 设置ip

我们需要通过网线将宿主机和开发板连接到同一个路由器的网卡。接着设置久久派ip ，网关等，根据自己网段修改， 保证局域网内没有其他设备使用；

1. => setenv ipaddr 172.23.34.188=> setenv netmask 255.255.128.0=> setenv gatewayip 172.23.0.1

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设置网关，根据自己局域网设置；

1. => setenv serverip 172.23.34.187

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测试与ubuntu虚拟机是否连通；

1. => ping 172.23.34.187Speed: 1000, full duplexUsing ethernet@0x16020000 devicehost 172.23.34.187 is alive

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保存环境变量：

1. => saveenvSaving Environment to SPIFlash... Erasing SPI flash...Writing to SPI flash...doneOK

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1.4 bootmenu烧录

此外我们可以看到支持bootmenu命令，通过这个命令我们也可以实现设备树、内核、根文件系统的烧录。

1. => bootmenu  *** U-Boot Boot Menu ***     [1] System boot select     [2] Update kernel     [3] Update rootfs     [4] Update u-boot     [5] Update dtb     [6] Update ALL     [7] System install or recover     [8] Video resolution select     [9] Video rotation select     [a] U-Boot console

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当然了也可以参考《WwuSama/21届智能车走马观碑开源仓库》中介绍的挂载NFS文件系统，然后再进行烧录的方式，不过这里我们就使用bootmenu进行烧录。
我们需要将如下文件拷贝到U盘的update目录；

• 将uboot文件u-boot-with-spl.bin拷贝到U盘的update目录；
  
• 将设备树ls2k300_99pi_wifi.dtb修改为dtb.bin拷贝到U盘的update目录；
  
• 将内核uImage.gz修改为uImage拷贝到U盘的update目录，注意这里不要直接使用编译出来的uImage文件（这是个超链接文件）；
  
• 将根文件系统rootfs.ext2.gz修改为rootfs.img拷贝到U盘的update目录，注意这里不要直接使用编译出来的rootfs.img文件（这是个超链接文件）。
  

我们在windows系统通过DiskGenius工具将U盘格式化为EXT4文件系统；

然后双击右侧的可移动磁盘（G）,然后进入磁盘创建目录update，并将准备的文件拷贝进去；

接着将U盘插入久久派开发板上面那个USB接口上。在下面进行更新的过程中如果出现U盘无法被识别的问题，尝试开发板复位。
1.4.1 更新设备树

执行bootmenu命令；

1. => bootmenu  *** U-Boot Boot Menu ***     [1] System boot select     [2] Update kernel     [3] Update rootfs     [4] Update u-boot     [5] Update dtb     [6] Update ALL     [7] System install or recover     [8] Video resolution select     [9] Video rotation select     [a] U-Boot console  Press UP/DOWN to move, ENTER to select, ESC/CTRL+C to quit

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选择Update dtb：

1.   *** U-Boot Boot Menu ***     [1] Update DTB (dtb.bin) to spi flash (by usb)     [2] Update DTB (dtb.bin) to spi flash (by mmc)     [3] Update DTB (dtb.bin) to spi flash (by tftp)     [4] Clean  DTB parts     [5] Return  Press UP/DOWN to move, ENTER to select

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选择第一个：

1. resetting USB...Bus ehci@0x16080000: USB EHCI 1.00Bus ohci@0x16088000: USB OHCI 1.0Bus otg@0x16040000: dwc2_usb otg@0x16040000: Core Release: 2.93aUSB DWC2scanning bus ehci@0x16080000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundscanning bus ohci@0x16088000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundscanning bus otg@0x16040000 for devices... 2 USB Device(s) found       scanning usb for storage devices... 1 Storage Device(s) found  Device 0: Vendor: SanDisk Rev: 1.00 Prod: Ultra            Type: Removable Hard Disk            Capacity: 29327.3 MB = 28.6 GB (60062500 x 512)update dtb.............### cur test cmd : fatload usb 0:0 ${loadaddr} /update/dtb.binCan't set block device### cur test cmd : ext4load usb 0:0 ${loadaddr} /update/dtb.bin21862 bytes read in 6 ms (3.5 MiB/s)SF: Detected xt25f08 with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 1 MiBSF: 57344 bytes @ 0xf0000 Erased: OKdevice 0 offset 0xf0000, size 0x556621862 bytes written, 0 bytes skipped in 0.284s, speed 78002 B/s######################################################### update target: dtb### update way   : usb### update result: success######################################################

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这里会将U盘/update/dtb.bin文件烧录到内核SPI Nor Flash的dtb分区，核心命令：

1. # 尝试从 USB 设备 0 的整个设备（无分区表）中读取 FAT 文件系统上的 /update/dtb.bin。fatload usb 0:0 ${loadaddr} /update/dtb.bin# 尝试从 USB 设备 0 的整个设备中读取 ext4 文件系统上的 /update/dtb.binext4load usb 0:0 ${loadaddr} /update/dtb.bin

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dtb文件被成功读取后，Uboot将数据写入了SPI Nor Flash的dtb分区（0xf0000 偏移），写入成功。
1.4.2 更新根文件系统

执行bootmenu命令；

1. => bootmenu  *** U-Boot Boot Menu ***     [1] System boot select     [2] Update kernel     [3] Update rootfs     [4] Update u-boot     [5] Update dtb     [6] Update ALL     [7] System install or recover     [8] Video resolution select     [9] Video rotation select     [a] U-Boot console  Press UP/DOWN to move, ENTER to select, ESC/CTRL+C to quit

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选择Update rootfs：

1.   *** U-Boot Boot Menu ***     [1] Update rootfs (rootfs.img) (by usb)     [2] Update rootfs (rootfs.img) (by tftp)     [3] Update rootfs (rootfs.img) (by mmc)     [4] Return  Press UP/DOWN to move, ENTER to select

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选择第一个：

1. resetting USB...Bus ehci@0x16080000: USB EHCI 1.00Bus ohci@0x16088000: USB OHCI 1.0Bus otg@0x16040000: dwc2_usb otg@0x16040000: Core Release: 2.93aUSB DWC2scanning bus ehci@0x16080000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundscanning bus ohci@0x16088000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundscanning bus otg@0x16040000 for devices... 2 USB Device(s) found       scanning usb for storage devices... 1 Storage Device(s) found--if usb0 --fmt ext4 --sym /update/rootfs.img--of mmc0 --fmt  --sym--extra 0x1loading...loaded&burning 157529897 bytes ...536870912/536870912        536870912 bytes, crc 0xe8c26beeload&burn 157529897 finished

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从日志大概可以看到从U盘（usb0，ext4格式）加载了/update/rootfs.img（rootfs.ext2经过gz压缩的根文件系统镜像）文件，并将其写入了整个eMMC设备（mmc0）。
这里：我们必须先烧录根文件系统，才能烧录内核，因为内核是烧录到根文件系统/boot目录下的。
1.4.3 更新内核

执行bootmenu命令；

1. => bootmenu  *** U-Boot Boot Menu ***     [1] System boot select     [2] Update kernel     [3] Update rootfs     [4] Update u-boot     [5] Update dtb     [6] Update ALL     [7] System install or recover     [8] Video resolution select     [9] Video rotation select     [a] U-Boot console  Press UP/DOWN to move, ENTER to select, ESC/CTRL+C to quit

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选择Update rootfs：

1.   *** U-Boot Boot Menu ***     [1] Update kernel (uImage) (by usb)     [2] Update kernel (uImage) (by mmc)     [3] Update kernel (uImage) (by tftp)     [4] Return  Press UP/DOWN to move, ENTER to select

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选择第一个：

1. resetting USB...Bus ehci@0x16080000: USB EHCI 1.00Bus ohci@0x16088000: USB OHCI 1.0Bus otg@0x16040000: dwc2_usb otg@0x16040000: Core Release: 2.93aUSB DWC2scanning bus ehci@0x16080000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundscanning bus ohci@0x16088000 for devices... 1 USB Device(s) foundscanning bus otg@0x16040000 for devices... 2 USB Device(s) found       scanning usb for storage devices... 1 Storage Device(s) found--if usb0 --fmt ext4 --sym /update/uImage--of mmc0:1 --fmt ext4 --sym /boot/uImage--extra 0x0loading...loaded&burning 10361144 bytes ...File System is consistentfile found, deletingupdate journal finishedFile System is consistentupdate journal finishedload&burn 10361144 finishedloading...

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从日志大概可以看到从U盘（usb0，ext4格式）加载了/update/uImage文件，并将其写入/boot/uImage。
1.4.4 启动

在uboot命令行输入boot命令；
点击查看详情

1. => bootSF: Detected xt25f08 with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 1 MiBdevice 0 offset 0xf0000, size 0xd000SF: 53248 bytes @ 0xf0000 Read: OK10361144 bytes read in 232 ms (42.6 MiB/s)## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 9000000003000000 ...   Image Name:   Linux-6.12.0.lsgd+   Image Type:   LoongArch Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)   Data Size:    10361080 Bytes = 9.9 MiB   Load Address: 00200000   Entry Point:  00f33000   Verifying Checksum ... OK   Uncompressing Kernel Image512 MiB[    0.000000] Linux version 6.12.0.lsgd+ (zhengyang@ubuntu) (loongarch64-linux-gnu-gcc.br_real (Buildroot -ga9f4f28a-dirty) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.42) #2 PREEMPT d9c34db49 Mon Mar 23 21:47:49 CST 2026[    0.000000] Loongson-64bit Processor probed (LA264 Core)[    0.000000] CPU0 revision is: 0014a030 (Loongson-64bit)[    0.000000] FPU0 revision is: 00000000[    0.000000] efi: EFI v2.9 by LoongSon[    0.000000] efi: SMBIOS=0xfffe000 FDTPTR=0x900000000a000000[    0.000000] convert legacy mem map to new mem map.[    0.000000] bootloader memmap block 0 type : 1 start : 200000 size : ee00000[    0.000000] bootloader memmap block 1 type : 2 start : f000000 size : 1000000[    0.000000] bootloader memmap block 2 type : 1 start : 90000000 size : 10000000[    0.000000] ACPI: OSL: System description tables not found[    0.000000] earlycon: ns16550a0 at MMIO 0x0000000016100000 (options '115200n8')[    0.000000] printk: legacy bootconsole [ns16550a0] enabled[    0.000000] ACPI: Early table checksum verification disabled[    0.000000] ACPI: OSL: System description tables not found[    0.000000] Reserved memory: created CMA memory pool at 0x000000009c000000, size 32 MiB[    0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node linux,cma, compatible id shared-dma-pool[    0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x000000009c000000..0x000000009dffffff (32768 KiB) map reusable linux,cma[    0.000000] SMBIOS 3.0 present.[    0.000000] DMI: Loongson LS2K300/LS2K300-99PI-WIFI, BIOS 2022.04-g96038f5a-dirty 04/01/2022[    0.000000] DMI: Memory slots populated: 0/0[    0.000000] CpuClock = 0[    0.000000] The BIOS Version: 2022.04-g96038f5a-dirty[    0.000000] software IO TLB: area num 1.[    0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x0000000001cf0000-0x0000000005cf0000] (64MB)[    0.000000] Zone ranges:[    0.000000]   DMA32    [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x00000000ffffffff][    0.000000]   Normal   empty[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000000effffff][    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000090000000-0x000000009fffffff][    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000009fffffff][    0.000000] On node 0, zone DMA32: 128 pages in unavailable ranges[    0.000000] On node 0, zone DMA32: 33792 pages in unavailable ranges[    0.000000] Kernel command line: earlycon fbcon=logo-pos:center fbcon=logo-count:1 console=ttyS0,115200 rw noinitrd init=/sbin/init rootfstype=ext4 rootwait root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 mtdparts=spi0.0:924k(uboot),32k(uboot_env),4k(bdinfo),52k(dtb),4k(bdinfo_e),8k(ddr_context) fbcon=rotate:0 panel=default bp_start=0x900000000f030400 board_name=LS2K300-99PI-WIFI[    0.000000] Unknown kernel command line parameters "panel=default board_name=LS2K300-99PI-WIFI", will be passed to user space.[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 5, 524288 bytes, linear)[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 4, 262144 bytes, linear)[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 31616[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:all(zero), heap alloc:off, heap free:off[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1[    0.000000] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU event tracing is enabled.[    0.000000]  Trampoline variant of Tasks RCU enabled.[    0.000000]  Tracing variant of Tasks RCU enabled.[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 100 jiffies.[    0.000000] RCU Tasks: Setting shift to 0 and lim to 1 rcu_task_cb_adjust=1 rcu_task_cpu_ids=1.[    0.000000] RCU Tasks Trace: Setting shift to 0 and lim to 1 rcu_task_cb_adjust=1 rcu_task_cpu_ids=1.[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 2368, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 16[    0.000000] rcu: srcu_init: Setting srcu_struct sizes based on contention.[    0.000000] Constant clock event device register[    0.000000] clocksource: Constant: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x3759f22983, max_idle_ns: 881590413697 ns[    0.000000] sched_clock: 64 bits at 120MHz, resolution 8ns, wraps every 4398046511102ns[    0.008086] Constant clock source device register[    0.013245] Console: colour dummy device 80x25[    0.017831] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 240.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=120000)[    0.028394] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301[    0.039524] LSM: initializing lsm=capability,yama[    0.044332] Yama: becoming mindful.[    0.050711] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 16384 bytes, linear)[    0.058207] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 16384 bytes, linear)[    0.083373] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.[    0.088257] rcu:     Max phase no-delay instances is 400.[    0.094535] Memory: 343248K/505856K available (13440K kernel code, 8160K rwdata, 4272K rodata, 576K init, 1007K bss, 127856K reserved, 32768K cma-reserved)[    0.110964] devtmpfs: initialized[    0.118812] Performance counters: loongarch/loongson64 PMU enabled, 4 64-bit counters available to each CPU.[    0.129453] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275000 ns[    0.139331] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 6144 bytes, linear)[    0.161763] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem[    0.169626] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family[    0.176266] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)[    0.182094] audit: type=2000 audit(0.073:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1[    0.190573] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'[    0.190700] Final SIMD width = 0[    0.200231] ISA Bridge: /2k300-soc/isa@16400000[    0.204862]  IO 0x0000000016400000..0x0000000016403fff  ->  0x0000000000000000[    0.212337] hw-breakpoint: Found 4 breakpoint and 2 watchpoint registers.[    0.231074] HugeTLB: registered 32.0 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages[    0.237962] HugeTLB: 112 KiB vmemmap can be freed for a 32.0 MiB page[    0.250287] gpio gpiochip0: Static allocation of GPIO base is deprecated, use dynamic allocation.[    0.263644] gpio-lsirq 16104000.gpio: register irqnum=107, vhwirq-base=128, rirq-base=28[    0.272463] ACPI: Interpreter disabled.[    0.277722] loongson-lsia-dma 1612c000.dma: DMA driver registered[    0.284407] SCSI subsystem initialized[    0.288729] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs[    0.294337] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub[    0.299764] usbcore: registered new device driver usb[    0.305052] mc: Linux media interface: v0.10[    0.309423] videodev: Linux video capture interface: v2.00[    0.315032] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered[    0.320053] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti [    0.329304] PTP clock support registered[    0.333576] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.[    0.340854] clocksource: Switched to clocksource Constant[    0.347769] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0[    0.351793] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order 0, 16384 bytes)[    0.359507] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled[    0.373439] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family[    0.378735] IP idents hash table entries: 8192 (order: 2, 65536 bytes, linear)[    0.394842] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 16384 bytes, linear)[    0.403529] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 4, 262144 bytes, linear)[    0.411377] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 1, 32768 bytes, linear)[    0.419231] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 65536 bytes, linear)[    0.426490] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)[    0.434082] MPTCP token hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 24576 bytes, linear)[    0.441701] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 16384 bytes, linear)[    0.448422] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 16384 bytes, linear)[    0.456639] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family[    0.463354] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.[    0.469365] RPC: Registered udp transport module.[    0.474123] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.[    0.478877] RPC: Registered tcp-with-tls transport module.[    0.484421] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.[    0.490941] NET: Registered PF_XDP protocol family[    0.495803] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64[    0.501947] Initialise system trusted keyrings[    0.506667] workingset: timestamp_bits=46 max_order=15 bucket_order=0[    0.513237] zbud: loaded[    0.554391] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type[    0.559543] Key type id_resolver registered[    0.563775] Key type id_legacy registered[    0.567961] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...[    0.574741] nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...[    0.582248] ntfs3: Warning: Activated 64 bits per cluster. Windows does not support this[    0.590427] ntfs3: Read-only LZX/Xpress compression included[    0.692038] Key type asymmetric registered[    0.696201] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered[    0.707751] io scheduler mq-deadline registered[    0.712408] io scheduler kyber registered[    0.716993] io scheduler bfq registered[    0.730007] pinctrl-single 16000490.pinmux: 128 pins, size 32[    0.743054] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 16 ports, IRQ sharing enabled[    0.754809] printk: legacy console [ttyS0] disabled[    0.760276] 16100000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x16100000 (irq = 19, base_baud = 12500000) is a 16550A[    0.769459] printk: legacy console [ttyS0] enabled[    0.769459] printk: legacy console [ttyS0] enabled[    0.779127] printk: legacy bootconsole [ns16550a0] disabled[    0.779127] printk: legacy bootconsole [ns16550a0] disabled[    0.793067] 16100400.serial: ttyS1 at MMIO 0x16100400 (irq = 20, base_baud = 12500000) is a 16550A[    0.803304] 16100800.serial: ttyS2 at MMIO 0x16100800 (irq = 143, base_baud = 12500000) is a 16550A[    0.826716] brd: module loaded[    0.836794] loop: module loaded[    0.842614] CAN device driver interface[    0.846826] lscanfd 16110800.can: Clock frequency from DT: 200000000[    0.853401] lscanfd 16110800.can: lscanfd tx-gpio[73] HIGH[    0.859044] lscanfd 16110800.can: lscanfd---->src_addr#16110898,src_addr_width#4 priv->rx_dma_buf=0x66b8000[    0.869497] lscanfd 16110800.can: lscanfd stb-gpio not configured, may cause can network crash![    0.878606] lscanfd 16110c00.can: Clock frequency from DT: 200000000[    0.885140] lscanfd 16110c00.can: lscanfd tx-gpio[75] HIGH[    0.890762] lscanfd 16110c00.can: lscanfd---->src_addr#16110c98,src_addr_width#4 priv->rx_dma_buf=0x66bc000[    0.901180] lscanfd 16110c00.can: lscanfd stb-gpio not configured, may cause can network crash![    0.910377] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: IRQ eth_wake_irq not found[    0.916715] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: IRQ eth_lpi not found[    0.922601] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: IRQ sfty not found[    0.928307] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Cannot get CSR clock[    0.934096] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: PTP uses main clock[    0.940128] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: User ID: 0x11, Synopsys ID: 0x37[    0.946964] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet:     DWMAC1000[    0.951871] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: DMA HW capability register supported[    0.959043] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: RX Checksum Offload Engine supported[    0.966212] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: COE Type 2[    0.971116] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: TX Checksum insertion supported[    0.977852] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Wake-Up On Lan supported[    0.983983] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Enhanced/Alternate descriptors[    0.990630] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Enabled extended descriptors[    0.997102] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Ring mode enabled[    1.002616] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: Enable RX Mitigation via HW Watchdog Timer[    1.010313] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet: device MAC address d6:ec:6f:2f:22:c4[    1.020057] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether[    1.026023] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_eem[    1.031769] usbcore: registered new interface driver net1080[    1.037506] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_subset[    1.043490] usbcore: registered new interface driver zaurus[    1.049125] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm[    1.055266] dwc2 16040000.otg: Configuration mismatch. dr_mode forced to host[    1.112963] dwc2 16040000.otg: Loongson Fix Param: 0[    1.118296] dwc2 16040000.otg: DWC OTG Controller[    1.123055] dwc2 16040000.otg: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1[    1.130168] dwc2 16040000.otg: irq 147, io mem 0x16040000[    1.136407] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found[    1.140256] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected[    1.145456] ehci-platform 16080000.ehci: EHCI Host Controller[    1.151506] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_acm[    1.157364] ohci-platform 16088000.ohci: Generic Platform OHCI controller[    1.164264] cdc_acm: USB Abstract Control Model driver for USB modems and ISDN adapters[    1.172574] ehci-platform 16080000.ehci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2[    1.180688] ohci-platform 16088000.ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3[    1.189080] ehci-platform 16080000.ehci: irq 148, io mem 0x16080000[    1.195482] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas[    1.201001] ohci-platform 16088000.ohci: irq 149, io mem 0x16088000[    1.207383] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage[    1.213436] ehci-platform 16080000.ehci: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00[    1.219953] usbcore: registered new interface driver option[    1.226374] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found[    1.230223] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port)[    1.237263] hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected[    1.242132] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice[    1.249147] loongson-rtc 16128000.rtc: registered as rtc0[    1.255243] loongson-rtc 16128000.rtc: setting system clock to 2000-01-01T10:17:22 UTC (946721842)[    1.265428] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver[    1.274936] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo[    1.281390] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found[    1.285206] hub 3-0:1.0: 1 port detected[    1.289178] Driver for 1-wire Dallas network protocol.[    1.296768] ls2k_sdio 16140000.sdio: Use exclusive dma engine.[    1.482872] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using dwc2[    1.721217] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected[    1.728994] scsi host0: usb-storage 1-1:1.0[    1.741186] ls2k_sdio 16148000.sdio: Use exclusive dma engine.[    1.756101] ls2k_sdio 16148000.sdio: Got CD GPIO[    2.583334] hid: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina[    2.595006] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid[    2.605856] usbhid: USB HID core driver[    2.616039] ls2k300_adc 1611c000.adc: ADC Device registered successfully[    2.631700] Initializing XFRM netlink socket[    2.644605] NET: Registered PF_INET6 protocol family[    2.658116] Segment Routing with IPv6[    2.665922] In-situ OAM (IOAM) with IPv6[    2.674028] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver[    2.686621] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family[    2.697867] NET: Registered PF_KEY protocol family[    2.707863] can: controller area network core[    2.716975] NET: Registered PF_CAN protocol family[    2.725861] can: raw protocol[    2.731864] can: broadcast manager protocol[    2.740865] can: netlink gateway - max_hops=1[    2.752563] NET: Registered PF_RDS protocol family[    2.762918] Key type dns_resolver registered[    2.796160] registered taskstats version 1[    2.805030] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates[    2.879821] ls-spi 16010000.spi: controller is unqueued, this is deprecated[    2.914166] 6 cmdlinepart partitions found on MTD device spi0.0[    2.937858] Creating 6 MTD partitions on "spi0.0":[    2.956904] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     SanDisk  Ultra            1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6[    2.965868] 0x000000000000-0x0000000e7000 : "uboot"[    2.983577] 0x0000000e7000-0x0000000ef000 : "uboot_env"[    3.005877] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 60062500 512-byte logical blocks: (30.8 GB/28.6 GiB)[    3.021566] 0x0000000ef000-0x0000000f0000 : "bdinfo"[    3.042026] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off[    3.052236] 0x0000000f0000-0x0000000fd000 : "dtb"[    3.070998] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA[    3.090599] 0x0000000fd000-0x0000000fe000 : "bdinfo_e"[    3.115138] 0x0000000fe000-0x000000100000 : "ddr_context"[    3.149222] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk[    3.162131] ls-spi 16018000.spi: controller is unqueued, this is deprecated[    3.191687] ls-spi-io 1610c000.spi: controller is unqueued, this is deprecated[    3.223650] clk: Disabling unused clocks[    3.236886] ALSA device list:[    3.248861]   No soundcards found.[    3.262256] Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p1...[    5.972459] mmc0: new high speed MMC card at address 0001[    5.978576] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 08A391 7.28 GiB[    5.985583]  mmcblk0: p1[    5.988902] mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 08A391 4.00 MiB[    5.995365] mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 08A391 4.00 MiB[    6.084551] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): mounted filesystem 77fabf5f-333f-4f1b-9c30-f01c7422efda r/w with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.[    6.096886] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:1.[    6.103321] devtmpfs: mounted[    6.107568] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 576K[    6.113513] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.[    6.120015] Run /sbin/init as init process[    6.466135] systemd[1]: System time before build time, advancing clock.[    6.566012] systemd[1]: systemd 256.4 running in system mode (+PAM -AUDIT -SELINUX -APPARMOR -IMA -SMACK -SECCOMP -GCRYPT -GNUTLS +OPENSSL -ACL +BLKID +CURL -ELFUTILS -FIDO2 -IDN2 -IDN -IPTC +KMOD -LIBCRYPTSETUP -LIBCRYPTSETUP_PLUGINS +LIBFDISK +PCRE2 -PWQUALITY -P11KIT -QRENCODE -TPM2 +BZIP2 -LZ4 +XZ +ZLIB -ZSTD -BPF_FRAMEWORK +XKBCOMMON -UTMP -SYSVINIT -LIBARCHIVE)[    6.598715] systemd[1]: Detected architecture loongarch64.Welcome to Buildroot 2024.08![    6.622923] systemd[1]: Hostname set to .[    7.086170] systemd[1]: multi-user.target: Wants dependency dropin /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/boot_run_service is not a valid unit name, ignoring.[    7.448312] systemd[1]: Queued start job for default target Multi-User System.[    7.475102] systemd[1]: Created slice Slice /system/getty.[  OK  ] Created slice Slice /system/getty.[    7.491700] systemd[1]: Created slice Slice /system/modprobe.[  OK  ] Created slice Slice /system/modprobe.[    7.507738] systemd[1]: Created slice Slice /system/serial-getty.[  OK  ] Created slice Slice /system/serial-getty.[    7.523506] systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch.[  OK  ] Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch.[    7.542385] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.[  OK  ] Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.[    7.559197] systemd[1]: Expecting device /dev/ttyS0...         Expecting device /dev/ttyS0...[    7.570227] systemd[1]: Reached target NFS client services.[  OK  ] Reached target NFS client services.[    7.583075] systemd[1]: Reached target Path Units.[  OK  ] Reached target Path Units.[    7.594060] systemd[1]: Reached target Preparation for Remote File Systems.[  OK  ] Reached target Preparation for Remote File Systems.[    7.610041] systemd[1]: Reached target Remote File Systems.[  OK  ] Reached target Remote File Systems.[    7.623079] systemd[1]: Reached target Slice Units.[  OK  ] Reached target Slice Units.[    7.634117] systemd[1]: Reached target Swaps.[  OK  ] Reached target Swaps.[    7.669218] systemd[1]: Listening on RPCbind Server Activation Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on RPCbind Server Activation Socket.[    7.685187] systemd[1]: Reached target RPC Port Mapper.[  OK  ] Reached target RPC Port Mapper.[    7.709606] systemd[1]: Listening on Credential Encryption/Decryption.[  OK  ] Listening on Credential Encryption/Decryption.[    7.726521] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Audit Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Audit Socket.[    7.740909] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).[    7.754895] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Sockets.[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Sockets.[    7.768091] systemd[1]: Listening on Network Service Netlink Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on Network Service Netlink Socket.[    7.782966] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on udev Control Socket.[    7.796659] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on udev Kernel Socket.[    7.823252] systemd[1]: Mounting Huge Pages File System...         Mounting Huge Pages File System...[    7.856306] systemd[1]: Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...         Mounting POSIX Message Queue File System...[    7.900439] systemd[1]: Mounting NFSD configuration filesystem...         Mounting NFSD configuration filesystem...[    7.948332] systemd[1]: Mounting Kernel Debug File System...         Mounting Kernel Debug File System...[    7.971782] systemd[1]: Kernel Trace File System was skipped because of an unmet condition check (ConditionPathExists=/sys/kernel/tracing).[    8.017462] systemd[1]: Mounting Temporary Directory /tmp...         Mounting Temporary Directory /tmp...[    8.037966] systemd[1]: Create List of Static Device Nodes was skipped because of an unmet condition check (ConditionFileNotEmpty=/lib/modules/6.12.0.lsgd+/modules.devname).[    8.073921] systemd[1]: Starting loongson-resize...         Starting loongson-resize...[    8.108517] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module configfs...         Starting Load Kernel Module configfs...[    8.160973] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module efi_pstore...         Starting Load Kernel Module efi_pstore...[    8.217028] systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module fuse...         Starting Load Kernel Module fuse...[    8.286809] systemd[1]: Starting Starts Psplash Boot screen...         Starting Starts Psplash Boot screen...[    8.350716] systemd[1]: Starting RPC Bind...         Starting RPC Bind...[    8.369833] systemd[1]: File System Check on Root Device was skipped because of an unmet condition check (ConditionPathIsReadWrite=!/).[    8.391917] random: crng init done[    8.412202] (rpcbind)[134]: rpcbind.service: Referenced but unset environment variable evaluates to an empty string: RPCBIND_OPTIONS[    8.437984] systemd[1]: Starting Journal Service...         Starting Journal Service...[    8.487389] systemd[1]: Load Kernel Modules was skipped because no trigger condition checks were met.[    8.519287] systemd[1]: Starting Generate network units from Kernel command line...         Starting Generate network units from Kernel command line...[    8.574585] systemd-journald[135]: Collecting audit messages is enabled.[    8.586723] systemd[1]: Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...[    8.668532] systemd[1]: Starting Apply Kernel Variables...         Starting Apply Kernel Variables...[    8.762640] systemd[1]: Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev gracefully...[    8.799970] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p1): re-mounted 77fabf5f-333f-4f1b-9c30-f01c7422efda r/w. Quota mode: none.         Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev gracefully...[    8.879840] systemd[1]: Starting Load udev Rules from Credentials...         Starting Load udev Rules from Credentials...[    8.986698] systemd[1]: Starting Coldplug All udev Devices...         Starting Coldplug All udev Devices...[    9.137368] systemd[1]: Started Starts Psplash Boot screen.[  OK  ] Started Starts Psplash Boot screen.[    9.160146] systemd[1]: Started RPC Bind.[  OK  ] Started RPC Bind.[    9.174812] systemd[1]: Started Journal Service.[  OK  ] Started Journal Service.[  OK  ] Mounted Huge Pages File System.[  OK  ] Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System.[FAILED] Failed to mount NFSD configuration filesystem.See 'systemctl status proc-fs-nfsd.mount' for details.[DEPEND] Dependency failed for NFS Mount Daemon.[DEPEND] Dependency failed for NFS server and services.[  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Debug File System.[  OK  ] Mounted Temporary Directory /tmp.[  OK  ] Finished loongson-resize.[  OK  ] Finished Load Kernel Module configfs.[  OK  ] Finished Load Kernel Module efi_pstore.[  OK  ] Finished Load Kernel Module fuse.[  OK  ] Finished Generate network units from Kernel command line.[  OK  ] Finished Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.[  OK  ] Finished Apply Kernel Variables.[  OK  ] Finished Load udev Rules from Credentials.[  OK  ] Reached target Preparation for Network.         Mounting Kernel Configuration File System...[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Start psplas…temd progress communication helper.         Starting Flush Journal to Persistent Storage...[  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Configuration File System.[  OK  ] Finished Create Static Device Nodes in /dev gracefu[    9.756967] systemd-journald[135]: Received client request to flush runtime journal.lly.         Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...[    9.930177] systemd-journald[135]: /var/log/journal/73290f76f2754cf68b0288f191767faa/system.journal: Realtime clock jumped backwards relative to last journal entry, rotating.[    9.980732] systemd-journald[135]: Rotating system journal.[  OK  ] Finished Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.[  OK  ] Reached target Preparation for Local File Systems.[  OK  ] Reached target Local File Systems.[   10.064105] audit: type=1334 audit(1721825382.597:2): prog-id=6 op=LOAD[   10.085949] audit: type=1334 audit(1721825382.604:3): prog-id=7 op=LOAD         Starting Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files...[  OK  ] Finished Flush Journal to Persistent Storage.         Starting Create System Files and Directories...[  OK  ] Finished Coldplug All udev Devices.[  OK  ] Started Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files.[   10.868957] audit: type=1334 audit(1721825383.401:4): prog-id=8 op=LOAD         Starting Network Configuration...[  OK  ] Finished Create System Files and Directories.[   11.280924] audit: type=1334 audit(1721825383.812:5): prog-id=9 op=LOAD         Starting Network Name Resolution...[  OK  ] Started Network Configuration.         Starting Enable Persistent Storage in systemd-networkd...         Starting Wait for Network to be Configured...[  OK  ] Finished Enable Persistent Storage in systemd-networkd.[  OK  ] Started Network Name Resolution.[  OK  ] Reached target Host and Network Name Lookups.[  OK  ] Reached target System Initialization.[  OK  ] Started Discard unused filesystem blocks once a week.[  OK  ] Started Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories.[  OK  ] Reached target Timer Units.[  OK  ] Listening on D-Bus System Message Bus Socket.[  OK  ] Listening on OpenSSH Server Socket…temd-ssh-generator, AF_UNIX Local).[  OK  ] Listening on Hostname Service Socket.[  OK  ] Reached target Socket Units.[  OK  ] Reached target Basic System.         Starting Modem Manager...         Starting run a update_system to check ab system status...         Starting D-Bus System Message Bus...[  OK  ] Started NFS FSID Daemon.[  OK  ] Found device /dev/ttyS0.[   13.650264] do_page_fault(): sending SIGSEGV to update_system for invalid read access from 0000000000000000[   13.687880] era = 0000007ff36fa81c in libc.so.6[8e81c,7ff366c000+168000][   13.710910] ra  = 00000001200053a4 in update_system[53a4,120000000+10000][   13.734064] audit: type=1701 audit(1721825386.267:6): auid=4294967295 uid=0 gid=0 ses=4294967295 pid=212 comm="update_system" exe="/usr/local/sys_config_tool/update_system" sig=11 res=1[  OK  ] Started D-Bus System Message Bus.[FAILED] Failed to start run a update_system to check ab system status.See 'systemctl status ab_system_check_boot.service' for details.         Starting Network Manager...         Starting WPA supplicant...[  OK  ] Started Modem Manager.[  OK  ] Started WPA supplicant.[   15.349545] audit: type=1334 audit(1721825387.882:7): prog-id=10 op=LOAD[   15.377000] audit: type=1334 audit(1721825387.894:8): prog-id=11 op=LOAD         Starting Hostname Service...[   15.406479] audit: type=1334 audit(1721825387.894:9): prog-id=12 op=LOAD[  OK  ] Started Hostname Service.         Starting Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service...[  OK  ] Started Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service.[   16.927934] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: Register MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL RxQ-0[   16.944924] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: PHY [stmmac-0:01] driver [Generic PHY] (irq=POLL)[   16.965709] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: No Safety Features support found[   16.981930] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: IEEE 1588-2008 Advanced Timestamp supported[   17.001301] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: registered PTP clock[   17.016297] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: configuring for phy/rgmii-id link mode[  OK  ] Started Network Manager.[  OK  ] Reached target Network.         Starting Network Manager Wait Online...         Starting Statistics collection and monitoring daemon...         Starting OpenSSH server daemon...         Starting Permit User Sessions...[  OK  ] Finished Permit User Sessions.[  OK  ] Started OpenSSH server daemon.[  OK  ] Started Statistics collection and monitoring daemon.[  OK  ] Started Getty on tty0.         Starting run a script(default:/root/boot_run.sh) after boot...[  OK  ] Started Serial Getty on ttyS0.[  OK  ] Reached target Login Prompts.[  OK  ] Started run a script(default:/root/boot_run.sh) after boot.[   20.093655] stmmaceth 16020000.ethernet eth0: Link is Up - 1Gbps/Full - flow control off[  OK  ] Finished Network Manager Wait Online.         Starting Virtual Console Setup...[  OK  ] Finished Virtual Console Setup.Welcome to Loongson-gdLS-GD login: root (automatic login)[root@LS-GD ~]#

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1.5 系统设置

1.5.1 网络设置

执行ifconfig命令查看支持的网络信息；

1. [root@LS-GD ~]# ifconfigeth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr D6:EC:6F:2F:22:C4          inet addr:192.168.1.10  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          inet6 addr: fe80::a815:6e80:765f:a196/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:397 errors:0 dropped:393 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:35 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:23844 (23.2 KiB)  TX bytes:3036 (2.9 KiB)          Interrupt:146lo        Link encap:Local Loopback          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

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配置网络IP和和子网掩码：

1. ifconfig eth0 172.23.34.188 netmask 255.255.128.0

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添加直连路由：

1. ip route add 172.23.0.0/17 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.23.34.188

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注意：某些嵌入式Linux系统（尤其是使用旧版ifconfig工具或特定内核版本）中，仅仅设置IP和掩码并不总是会自动在路由表中生成一条完美的网段路由。
添加默认网关：

1. route add default gw 172.23.0.1 eth0

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验证路由表:

1. route -n

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二、驱动移植

在前面章节中我们介绍了如何将久久派默认带有的PMON固件以及内核linux 4.19升级为uboot及linux 6.12版本。当我们的板子执行了升级操作后，我们的系统环境已经搭建完成了，接下来的任务就是移植驱动程序和编写应用程序。其中涉及的模块有：

• VL53L0X测距模块；
  
• 1.8寸SPI TFT屏幕（驱动芯片ST7735）；
  
• MPU6050陀螺仪;
  

这里我们参考的资料主要来源以下两个仓库：

• 《龙芯2K300_301软件开源库》;
  
• 《WwuSama 21届智能车走马观碑开源仓库》。
  

2.1 创建项目目录

在/opt/2k0300目录下创建子目录loongson_2k300_lib；

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300$ mkdir loongson_2k300_libzhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300$ cd loongson_2k300_lib

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创建驱动子目录：

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib$ mkdir driver

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创建测试用例子目录：

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib$ mkdir example

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创建走马观碑项目子目录：

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib$ mkdir car_project

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2.2 拷贝驱动

这里我们将《WwuSama/21届智能车走马观碑开源仓库》开源的linux 6.9源码下载下来，需要注意的是仓库中已经将linux内核源码移除了，但是其QQ交流群依然提供了内核源码，这里我下载了linux-6.9-WuwuSama-99pi.tar.gz，其驱动位于drivers/wuwu_drivers/：

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.9-WuwuSama-99pi$ ll drivers/wuwu_drivers/-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang  7109 12月 17 16:42 imc20602.h-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang  4144 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_brushless.c-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang  3601 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_buzzer.c-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang  4134 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_fans.c-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang  9198 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_icm42688.c-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang  5306 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_icm42688.h-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang 11666 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_imc20602.c-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang 13770 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_motor.c-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang  1488 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_motor.h-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang  4416 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_servo.c-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang 30204 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_vl53l0x.c-rw-rw-r--   1 zhengyang zhengyang   877 12月 17 16:42 wuwu_vl53l0x.h

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我们将这些驱动拷贝到loongson_2k300_lib/driver目录，供我们参考使用；

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/loongson_2k300_lib/driver$ cp /opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.9-WuwuSama-99pi/drivers/wuwu_drivers/* ./

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2.3 准备工作

先在内核源码目录执行如下命令，生成 Module.symvers：

1. zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.12$ source ../set_env.sh && make loongson_2k300_defconfig V=1# 生成Module.symvers的命令zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.12$ source ../set_env.sh && make  modules_prepare -j$(nproc)# 如果没有Module.symvers才需要执行下面这条指令zhengyang@ubuntu:/opt/2k0300/build-2k0300/workspace/linux-6.12$ cp vmlinux.symvers Module.symvers

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这一步会生成完整的 Module.symvers，其中记录了内核导出的所有符号信息，这个后面编译驱动需要使用到。
参考文章
[1] Rockchip RK3399 - NanoPC-T4开发板介绍
[2] Rockchip RK3588 - NanoPC-T6开发板介绍
[3] 龙邱科技 龙芯2k301核心板软件开源库
[4] 龙芯LS2K0300久久派上手体验
[5] Loongson-2K0300-99PAI（久久派资料，推荐）
[6] 三、龙芯智能车学习之路 – 内核编译篇
[7] open-loongarch（官方仓库）
[8]  SeekFree/逐飞科技LS2K0300开源库
[9] WwuSama/21届智能车走马观碑开源仓库
[10] NCNN模型推理资料链接 提取码: tihd
[11] LS2K0300久久派_V1.1板卡使用手册v1.2_20240705.pdf
[12] 第一卷-pmon软件使用手册.pdf
[13] 第二卷-pinctrl与dts开发手册.pdf
[14] 第三卷-2k300内核开发手册.pdf
[15] 第四卷-文件系统开发手册.pdf
[16] 第五卷-qt相关解决方案.pdf

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