$\LaTeX{}$之快速编译和删除中间文件

本文介绍了在 \(\LaTeX{}\) 中如何使用批处理文件和Makefile来实现快速编译和删除中间文件，保持工作目录的清爽整洁。
批处理文件

在Windows下可以使用批处理文件来处理，也可以使用Makefile(但需配置make环境)。这里为了操作简单性，在Windows下只介绍如何使用批处理文件来实现快速删除中间文件和快速编译。
快速删除中间文件（辅助文件）

步骤如下：

• 新建文本文件命名为clean.bat；
  
• 复制下面的代码放到文本文件中；
  1. @echo off
  2. echo Cleaning auxiliary files...
  3. del /s /q "*.aux" "*.log" "*.out" "*.bbl" "*.blg" "*.toc" "*.lof" "*.lot" "*.synctex.gz"
  4. echo Cleaning completed!
  5. pause

  复制代码
• 将文件放入主文件（.tex）所在文件夹中，双击运行即可删除中间文件以及子文件夹中的中间文件。
  

快速编译并删除中间文件

步骤如下：

• 新建文本文件命名为compile.bat；
  
• 复制下面的代码放到文本文件中；
  1. @echo off
  2. :: ==============================================
  3. :: LaTeX Compile Automation Script (XeLaTeX + BibTeX)
  4. :: Usage: Drag and drop the .tex file onto this script or manually specify the file name
  5. :: ==============================================
  7. :: set variable
  8. set TEX_COMPILER=xelatex
  9. set BIB_COMPILER=bibtex
  10. set MAX_ATTEMPTS=3
  11. set LOG_EXTENSIONS=*.aux *.log *.out *.bbl *.blg *.toc *.lof *.lot *.synctex.gz
  13. :: Check whether the file is obtained by dragging
  14. if "%~1"=="" (
  15.     echo Error: Please drag the .tex file onto this script or manually specify the file name
  16.     pause
  17.     exit /b 1
  18. )
  20. :: Extract the file name (without extension)
  21. set "TEX_FILE=%~1"
  22. set "BASE_NAME=%~n1"
  24. :: Compile function definition
  25. :compile
  26. echo.
  27. echo =============== Start Compiling... ===============
  28. echo Compiling document: %TEX_FILE%
  30. :: First XeLaTeX Compilation
  31. echo.
  32. echo [1/4] First %TEX_COMPILER% compiling...
  33. %TEX_COMPILER% -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1 "%BASE_NAME%.tex"
  34. if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
  35.     echo Error: First %TEX_COMPILER% Compilation failed
  36.     goto error_handling
  37. )
  39. :: BibTeX Compilation
  40. echo.
  41. echo [2/4] %BIB_COMPILER% compiling reference...
  42. %BIB_COMPILER% "%BASE_NAME%.aux"
  43. if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
  44.     echo Warning: %BIB_COMPILER% There may be issues with the compilation (check the .blg file)
  45. )
  47. :: Second XeLaTeX Compilation
  48. echo.
  49. echo [3/4] Second %TEX_COMPILER% compiling...
  50. %TEX_COMPILER% -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1 "%BASE_NAME%.tex"
  51. if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
  52.     echo Error: Second %TEX_COMPILER% Compilation failed
  53.     goto error_handling
  54. )
  56. :: Third XeLaTeX Compilation (Ensure correct cross-referencing)
  57. echo.
  58. echo [4/4] Third %TEX_COMPILER% compiling...
  59. %TEX_COMPILER% -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1 "%BASE_NAME%.tex"
  60. if %ERRORLEVEL% neq 0 (
  61.     echo Error: Third %TEX_COMPILER% Compilation failed
  62.     goto error_handling
  63. )
  65. :: Cleaning auxiliary files (Optional)
  66. echo.
  67. echo Cleaning auxiliary files...
  68. del /s /q %LOG_EXTENSIONS% 2>nul
  70. :: Completed Successfully
  71. echo.
  72. echo =============== Compilation Completed Successfully ===============
  73. echo Final output file: %BASE_NAME%.pdf
  74. start "" "%BASE_NAME%.pdf"  :: Automatically open the generated PDF
  75. goto end
  77. :: Error Handling
  78. :error_handling
  79. set /a ATTEMPTS+=1
  80. if %ATTEMPTS% lss %MAX_ATTEMPTS% (
  81.     echo.
  82.     echo Attempting to fix the issue (attempt %ATTEMPTS%/3)...
  83.     goto compile
  84. )
  86. echo.
  87. echo =============== Compilation Failed ===============
  88. echo After %MAX_ATTEMPTS% attempts, it has not been successful. Please check the logs:
  89. type "%BASE_NAME%.log" | more
  90. goto end
  92. :end
  93. pause

  复制代码
• 将文件放入主文件（.tex）所在文件夹中，拖动主文件到该脚本上，或者命令行运行：compile.bat main.tex。
  

注意事项：TEX_COMPILER可更换为pdflatex或lualatex编译命令，且删除辅助文件的命令可选择删除掉，避免每次都需要重新生成中间文件浪费时间。
Makefile

常规编译方法

[code]# 定义编译器LATEX = xelatex# 定义需要清理的辅助文件扩展名AUX_FILES = *.aux *.log *.out *.toc *.lof *.lot *.bbl *.blg *.synctex.gz *.fls *.fdb_latexmk *.run.xml *.nav *.snm *.vrb *.bcf *.idx *.ilg *.ind *.xdv# 获取当前目录下所有 .tex 文件（排除带空格的文件名）TEX_FILES = $(wildcard *.tex)PDF_FILES = $(TEX_FILES:.tex=.pdf)# 默认目标：编译所有 .tex 文件all: $(PDF_FILES)        @echo "编译完成！"# 模式规则：从 .tex 生成 .pdf%.pdf: %.tex        $(LATEX) -interaction=nonstopmode -halt-on-error $<        #@# 如果有参考文献，运行 biber 或 bibtex        #@if [ -f $(basename $