Kubernetes实战：Spring Boot微服务自动化部署指南
前言Kubernetes（K8s）是容器编排的事实标准，本文带你实战 Spring Boot 微服务在 K8s 中的自动化部署。
一、K8s 核心概念
[*]Pod：最小调度单元，一个 Pod 可包含多个容器
[*]Deployment：声明 Pod 副本数和更新策略
[*]Service：为 Pod 提供稳定的访问入口
[*]Ingress：HTTP/HTTPS 路由
二、Dockerfile 准备
FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre-alpineWORKDIR /appCOPY target/*.jar app.jarEXPOSE 8080ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]三、K8s 部署文件
# deployment.yamlapiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata:name: myappspec:replicas: 3selector: matchLabels: app: myapptemplate: metadata: labels: app: myapp spec: containers: - name: myapp image: myapp:1.0.0 ports: - containerPort: 8080 resources: limits: memory: "512Mi" cpu: "500m" requests: memory: "256Mi" cpu: "250m"# service.yamlapiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata:name: myapp-svcspec:selector: app: myappports:- port: 80 targetPort: 8080type: ClusterIP# ingress.yamlapiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1kind: Ingressmetadata:name: myapp-ingressspec:rules:- host: myapp.example.com http: paths: - path: / pathType: Prefix backend: service: name: myapp-svc port: number: 80四、健康检查配置
livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /actuator/health port: 8080 initialDelaySeconds: 30 periodSeconds: 10 readinessProbe: httpGet: path: /actuator/health port: 8080 initialDelaySeconds: 5 periodSeconds: 5五、部署命令
# 构建镜像并推送docker build -t myapp:1.0.0 .docker tag myapp:1.0.0 registry.example.com/myapp:1.0.0docker push registry.example.com/myapp:1.0.0# 部署到 K8skubectl apply -f deployment.yamlkubectl apply -f service.yamlkubectl apply -f ingress.yaml# 查看状态kubectl get pods -l app=myappkubectl get svc myapp-svckubectl get ingress myapp-ingress# 滚动更新kubectl set image deployment/myapp myapp=myapp:1.1.0kubectl rollout status deployment/myapp六、可观测性配置
# 日志收集（ELK/EFK）kubectl logs -f deployment/myapp# 监控（Prometheus + Grafana）kubectl top podskubectl top nodes# 扩缩容kubectl scale deployment myapp --replicas=5kubectl autoscale deployment myapp --min=2 --max=10 --cpu-percent=70总结
Kubernetes 是现代微服务架构的核心。核心要点：Deployment 管理 Pod 副本、Service 提供内部访问、Ingress 实现外部路由、健康检查保证可用性。
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